An evaluation of the Abaxis VSPro for the measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentrations

Reasons for performing study: Accurate measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations is an important tool for assessment of horses with inflammatory diseases. Objectives: To determine the precision and accuracy of a benchtop instrument using both fresh and frozen equine plasma by comparing the plasma fibrinogen concentration measured by a benchtop instrument to 2 separate laboratory standard methods (ACL 100 and STA Compact) for fibrinogen measurement. Methods: Accuracy and precision of the VSPro was evaluated using both human fibrinogen standards and samples from horses. Fifty frozen samples from horses with gastrointestinal disease had the fibrinogen concentration measured using the ACL 1000 and the VSPro. Fifty fresh samples were collected from hospitalised horses and fibrinogen concentration was measured using the STA Compact coagulation machine and the VSPro. Correlations for measurements were performed, as well as Bland‐Altman analysis. Results: Coefficients of variability for the VSPro ranged from 7% to 15%. The VSPro fibrinogen values were well correlated to both the ACL 1000 (r = 0.94, P<0.001) and the STA Compact measurements (r = 0.926, P<0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean bias of ‐0.83 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐2.03–0.324 g/l) for the ACL 1000 and a mean bias of ‐0.024 g/l (95% confidence interval ‐1.434–1.386 g/l) for the STA Compact. Conclusions: The VSPro appears to have adequate accuracy and precision for clinical measurement of plasma fibrinogen concentrations. Potential relevance: The VSPro provides a measurement of equine plasma fibrinogen concentration using a benchtop instrument with a rapid test time that has comparable accuracy to the fibrinogen concentration obtained from reference laboratories.     

土壤湿度农业干旱指数的改进及其适用性

准确监测农业干旱是保障粮食安全的基础。针对土壤湿度农业干旱指数(soil moisture agricultural drought index,SMADI)在干旱半干旱地区旱情监测不准确的问题,对SMADI进行了改进,同时修正了改进后的土壤湿度农业干旱指数(modified soil moisture agricultural drought index,SMADI_M)的干旱等级划分标准,并从全区与局部尺度、时间和空间尺度、以及对干旱响应的时效性三方面对SMADI_M的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明：SMADI_M改进了SMADI在低植被覆盖区存在的旱情高估的问题,弥补了SMADI的不足,可用于任意植被覆盖区的旱情监测;SMADI_M能够准确捕捉不同时间尺度(年、季、月)和空间尺度(全局、局部)的旱情信息,有效提高了农业干旱监测精度;与植被条件指数(vegetation condition index,VCI)和标准化降水蒸散指数(standardized precipitation evapotransp...     

Hierarchical self-localization of underwater wireless sensor network nodes

The follow-up application of underwater wireless sensor network is influenced by accuracy of self-localization of nodes. The self-localization of nodes is discussed in this paper. First of all, nodes of underwater wireless sensor network are classified into several levels according to the accuracy of position of nodes and the levels are from the first to the fifth in accordance with accuracy of nodes from high to low respectively. Secondly, the level of anchor nodes can be known by those unknown nodes from the information given by the anchor nodes themselves, At the same time the unknown nodes are able to be located in the area controlled by the first level of anchor nodes that are as the aggregation. Then the positioning algorithm is designed correspondingly in accordance with the accuracy level of nodes. Finally, the positioning algorithm is simulated and analyzed. The result shows that the unknown nodes can be located effectively by hierarchical control.     

Necessity of shading on north facade and optimal selection of shading device

This research is aimed at exploring the necessity of shade on the north facade and optimal selection of shading device. Firstly, the direct and diffuse solar radiation distribution on the surface of each orientation is analyzed in the air conditioning period in Shanghai and Xiamen. Secondly, the simulated building model is established to analysis the impact of different external shades on solar radiation heat gain and day-lighting with Energy-plus. These shades include fixed overhang of different dimensions, roller with different properties and louver of different slat angles. The glare index of different shade devices is also analyzed, results show that the hours exceeding the glare index set point of the fixed overhang and roller are far more than louver’s. Finally, the impact of different external shades on lighting energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption on the north facades is analyzed. Results show that the use of medium-reflect and medium-transmit external roller is the most energy-saving in Shanghai, the effect of adjustable external blind is close to the roller, and the effect of fixed overhang is not obvious. In Xiamen, the use of adjustable external blind is the most energy-saving, the next is roller, and the last is fixed overhang. Taking energy-saving and glare into consideration, adjustable louver is the best choice of shade on the north facade in Shanghai and Xiamen.     

城市总体规划环境影响评价探讨

指出了城市总体规划环境影响评价属于战略环评,有利于协调区域经济发展与环境保护的矛盾,使产业发展、生产力布局与区域资源的环境容量和生态功能相一致,有助于解决难以在项目层次上解决的矛盾,能够较好地解决累积性和区域性的环境问题。探讨了城市总体规划环境影响评价的介入时间、评价原则、环境因素及评价内容。     

关于土地利用总体规划编制和实施的思考

以土地利用总体规划的基本属性为出发点和落脚点,对第三轮规划的编制和实施情况进行了分析,指出未来土地利用总体规划的发展应重在效率管控、空间规划整合和法律保障体系建设。为此,提出了2点措施建议:一是科学编制土地利用总体规划,优化土地利用主要调控指标;二是建立健全土地利用规划法制体系,落实规划实施手段。     

基于机器学习的高光谱湿地植被分类研究

为实现湿地植被的精细分类和高精度制图,为湿地管理部门提供准确的决策依据,以美国加州萨克拉门托—圣华金水域的典型湿地植被为研究对象,以高光谱影像为数据源,结合野外GPS采样点,对典型湿地植被的光谱反射率作一阶导数和二阶导数处理,基于均值置信区间原理筛选特征波段,基于单因素分析法筛选能够明显区分植被类型的植被指数。联合特征波段和植被指数构建特征集,利用机器学习C5.0决策树生成知识规则并提取湿地植被信息。结果表明,基于机器学习C5.0决策树的湿地植被提取总体精度为80.09%,Kappa系数为0.792,与最大似然法比较,总体精度提升10.79%,Kappa系数提升0.105,说明基于机器学习的C5.0决策树法能够实现植被的精细分类,方法切实可行。     

基于遥感影像的昆明中心城区绿地信息提取

以昆明中心城区遥感影像为研究数据,采用基于面向对象分类的研究方法,按照监督分类的思想,将地物分为城市绿地、林地、裸地、水体、建筑和道路6种类型,运用支持向量机的分类器对绿地信息进行提取,并根据总体分类精度和kappa系数的大小对分类结果进行验证,结果表明:城市绿地信息提取精度良好,符合城市绿地调查的精度标准,认为此种绿地信息提取方法值得推广运用。     

一种基于花授粉算法的WRF风速集合预报新模型

基于不同水平分辨率和边界层参数化方案的集合预报思路,应用花授粉算法与不限制负值的约束理论(FPA-NNCT)进行权重平均,提出一种新的风速集合预报模型(FPA-NNCT-WRF-E).利用山东省代表山地和海滨下垫面的2个风电场风速实测数据,将新模型与传统算术集合模型(M-WRF-E)以及FPA模型(FPA-WRF-E)的风速预报结果进行对比评估.结果表明:FPA-NNCT-WRF-E预报明显优于M-WRF-E和FPA-WRF-E的风速预报,与M-WRF-E相比, FPA-WRF-E将风速平均绝对误差(MAE)减小了20%以上,而新模型FPA-NNCT-WRF-E将MAE减小了38%以上.预报的准确性得到了提高.     

Mixed-effect non-linear modelling for diameter estimation along the stem of Tectona grandis in mid-western Brazil

This study evaluated the efficiency of taper functions and the application of mixed-effect modelling for diameter estimation along the stems of Tectona grandis. We sampled 266 trees of Tectona grandis, measuring the diameter at relative heights for volume determination, grouping the data according to three form-factor classes. Six taper functions were fitted, selecting the function with better fit performance. Six taper functions were fitted, selecting the function with better fit performance. The selected function was fitted in its basic formulation, and with the mixed non-linear modelling technique in different scenarios, and for the stem stratified in three portions of the total height. The precision and selection of the adjusted models were evaluated regarding the coefficient of determination, standard error of estimate, the Akaike information criterion, bias, quadratic error and absolute bias. According to the statistical criteria used, the model of Kozak was selected for the adjustments. For diameter estimation, the scenario with two coefficients as random effects provided an accuracy increase of 11.91%, and the mixed non-linear modelling better estimated the stem diameter for the stratified stems. In conclusion, the model of Kozak can be used to describe the stem shape of Tectona grandis, and the mixed-effect non-linear model approach was the best technique to estimate diameter along the stem of Tectona grandis.