中国农民经济组织:理论与发展

农民的组织化是农民实现、保护和促进自身的经济而联合起来的各种经济和政治组织的行动和过程。农民经济组织的发育与农业产业化的发展和农民收入的提高密切相关。合作经济组织是农民经济组织的主体,中国的农民经济组织必须坚持合作社的基本原则。     

论发展型组织的优势和创建

发展型组织是组织形式进化的最终阶段。首先阐述了发展型组织的优势,包括提高组织的能力,培养合格的员工,具备动态的、先别人而动的环境等。在此基础上,分析了创建发展型组织的障碍,提出了创建发展型组织的指导原则及方法、对策。     

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Ryegrass Mottle Virus : A New Species of the Genus Sobemovirus

The genome of Ryegrass mottle virus (RGMoV) comprises 4210 nucleotides. The genomic RNA contains four open reading frames (ORFs). The largest ORF 2 encodes a polyprotein of 947 amino acids (103.6 kDa), which codes for a serine protease and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The viral coat protein is encoded on ORF 4 present at the 3′-proximal region. Other ORFs 1 and 3 encode the predicted 14.6 kDa and 19.8 kDa proteins of unknown function. The consensus signal for frameshifting, heptanucleotide UUUAAAC and a stem-loop structure just downstream is in front of the AUG codon of ORF 3. Analysis of the in vitro translation products of RGMoV RNA suggests that the 68 kDa protein may represent a fusion protein of ORF 2-ORF 3 produced by frameshifting. The protease region of the polyprotein and coat protein have a low similarity with that of the sobemoviruses (approximately 25% amino acid identity), while the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region has particularly strong similarity (54 to 60% of more than 350 amino acid residues). The sequence similarities of RGMoV to the sobemoviruses, together with the characteristic genome organization indicate that RGMoV is a new species of the genus Sobemovirus. Received 28 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 November 2000     

Self-organization and mechanical properties of mussel culture suspensions: A critical review

Published information on the spatial organization of mussel culture suspensions (collectors, socks, droppers and poles) is reviewed. Despite the several hundred studies on mussel culture this type of information is very scarce but suggests that mussels self-organize into phyllotatic patterns similar to those widely studied in cylindrical/tubular biological structures and mineral crystals. I demonstrate that space regulated self-thinning (SST) models developed for plane substrates are not applicable to mussel suspensions and propose a new SST model based on the packing geometry of mussel shells around a rope. The robustness of this model is assessed by its application to a wide range of cultured populations. This comparison suggests that the carrying capacity of individual suspensions for commercial-sized mussels is equivalent to a single layer of tightly packed mussels around the rope, independently of the species, type of suspension, presence/absence of pegs, site (growth rate) and stocking density and size. The emergent mechanical properties of these porous, extremely rough and heterogeneous bodies are reviewed. The proposed SST model provides insights into the biomechanical processes of self-thinning and sloughing.     

创建高校学习型党组织的若干思考

创建高校学习型党组织既是知识经济社会的要求又是实现马克思主义学习型政党目标的重要组成部分。高校与其它社会组织不同,是一个育人、学习和创新的组织,与学习型组织有很大的相似,在创建学习型党组织中独具优势。高校应发挥优势,构建共同愿景,营造文化氛围,搭建活动平台,健全激励机制,提高创建实效。     

The legacy of past disturbance: Chronic angling impairs long-term recovery of marine epibenthic communities from acute date-mussel harvesting

Two major concerns affect the way we perceive impacts: first, no ecosystem can still be considered pristine and second, stressors may interact. Untangling the effects of broad-scale anthropogenic stressors is complicated as appropriate unimpacted areas at relevant scales are usually unavailable for contrast with impacted regions. Although the perfect study design in the traditions of small-scale manipulative experiments may not always be possible, many human impacts and the mechanisms associated with ecosystem responses have been highlighted in literature allowing contrasting predictions on expected patterns to be tested. We applied such an approach to the Marine Protected Area of Bergeggi (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean). Our study aimed at assessing the effects of recreational angling (a presumed chronic stress) on the recovery of epibenthic communities following historical date-mussel harvesting (an extreme disturbance) by making and testing alternative predictions on the structure of epibenthic communities that should be apparent depending on the importance of specific mechanisms. Effects of date-mussel harvesting were still visible 20 years after its cessation, mostly because recovery is hampered by persistent sea-urchin grazing. We hypothesized that fish biomass removal by angling favours high sea urchin abundance. Based on these premises, we assembled information on angling pressure, sea urchin abundance and substratum cover by different trophic guilds to test our predictions. Our study indicates that the interaction between date-mussel harvesting and angling produced a shift, from autotrophic-dominated to consumer-dominated communities as a consequence of cascading trophic effects. Such an outcome implies that chronic recreation fishing pressure is blocking recovery in locations previously impacted by date-mussel harvesting. Testing predictions proved efficient in describing the interaction among stressors when system history is known and represents a valuable approach to provide scientifically sound insight for improved conservation management.     

学习型组织——高职院校学生社团发展的新愿景

目前高职院校学生社团在发展的过程中,存在着社团机制松散、支持力度小、活动质量不高、前景模糊等问题。本文用学习型理论探讨如何创建学习型社团,发挥社团应有的作用。     

试述原州区彭堡镇闫堡村机井工程施工组织设计

为实现质量目标,要以提高工程质量为中心,开展全面质量管理,精心组织,精心指挥,精心施工。     

组织理论视角下的高等体育教育管理发展历程研究

在当前高等教育和体育事业快速发展的新形势下，高等体育教育面临提升质量、办出特色、建设一流的目标和要求，而管理是实现这些目标和要求的重要保障和基本手段。如何实现管理的现代化、科学化，是高等体育教育面临的一个重要任务和重大课题。以组织理论为理论框架，在系统分析组织理论的理论体系和主要模式的基础上，从宏观的教育行政和微观的学校管理两个层面，对高等体育教育管理的主要模式和发展历程进行研究分析，以探寻高等体育教育管理运行变化的轨迹。为现实高等体育教育改革提供借鉴，为预测和规划未来的发展提供理论支持。