Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.     

Management strategies to increase stand structural diversity and enhance biodiversity in coastal rainforests of Alaska

Coastal rainforests of southeast Alaska have relatively simple species composition but complex structures with high diversity of tree ages, sizes and forest canopy layers, and an abundant understory plant community. Wildlife and fisheries resources also play an important role in the ecological functioning of forest and aquatic systems. Clearcutting has greatly altered these forest ecosystems with significant decreases in structural diversity of forest stands and greatly reduced wildlife habitat. This paper synthesizes information on management options in older forests that have never been actively managed, and in younger forests to increase diversity of stand structures and their associated effects on biodiversity. Light to moderate levels of partial cutting in old-growth forests can maintain the original diversity of overstory stand structures and understory plant communities. In younger forests that develop after clearcutting, mixed alder-conifer stands provide more heterogeneous structures and significantly higher understory biomass than in pure conifer forests. Research has shown that red alder increases diversity and abundance of understory plants, and provides forage for deer and small mammals. Results also show a clear linkage between alder and improved invertebrate diversity in aquatic systems. A combination of light partial cutting in older forests along with inclusion of red alder in conifer-dominated forests could provide the greatest amount of diversity and maintain the complex stand structures that are an important component of these forest ecosystems.     

基于深度学习目标测定的大蒜收获切根装置设计与试验

为研究适用于大蒜联合收获的智能化切根装置,提出了基于机器视觉的非接触式定位切根方法,设计了一种基于深度卷积神经网络的大蒜切根试验台.试验台采用深度学习的方法,对采集到的图像进行目标检测,利用APP完成人机交互和结果显示,由深度卷积神经网络给定切根的切入位置,电机控制系统自动调整定位双圆盘切根刀完成切根处理.目标比较试验...     

基于LS-DYNA的45号钢铣削SPH算法仿真分析

基于LS-DYNA软件的SPH算法对45号钢的铣削过程进行仿真分析,得出45号钢在切削过程中的变形及切屑的形成过程,控制切削速度、进给速度、切削深度等参数,以求得切削参数对切削力的影响.     

纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置设计与试验

针对马铃薯种薯切块机械化程度低的问题,设计了一种纵横刀组协同式马铃薯种薯切块装置,对其关键部件进行设计,通过对马铃薯种薯切割过程的力学分析、运动学分析和能量学分析,建立了切种能量的数学模型,确定了影响马铃薯切种效果的主要因素。以切种效率、切种合格率为评价指标,以圆盘刀半径、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距、圆盘刀轴转速和夹持辊轴转速为试验因素,进行了四因素四水平正交试验。对正交试验结果进行方差和极差分析,结果表明:当圆盘刀半径为180 mm、输送辊与圆盘刀垂直中心距为190 mm、圆盘刀轴转速为115 r/min、夹持辊轴转速为56 r/min时,切种效率为74.5 kg/min,切种合格率为98.8%,满足马铃薯切种作业要求。     

9GS-2.0割草机的设计及试验

针对目前割草机仅适于在比较平坦的地面上切割,难以适应坡面工作要求的问题,为此通过理论分析、三维模型设计、田间试验相结合的方法,设计既适用于平地切割,又适用于坡面切割的甩刀式割草机。主要对该机的调节机构、甩刀的数量及排列方式、传动系统进行设计,并对甩刀的速度、割草辊总成的动平衡进行分析计算。试验结果表明,该割草机工作性能良好,割茬平均高度52 mm,杂草碎段区域长度≤80 mm的草段占总草段的93%,碎草性能较好,工作效率达到1.18 hm^2/h,各项指标均达到设计要求,割草机作业质量能够满足农艺要求,为我国新型果园机械化割草作业提供技术支持。     

糙米发芽前含水率提升工艺优化

糙米发芽前的吸水过程是导致籽粒裂纹的根本原因,制约着发芽糙米品质和口感。为降低发芽前糙米裂纹增率,探究了完整吸湿区间内各含水率水平糙米的最优吸湿速率。将糙米初始含水率至发芽含水率的完整区间分为若干子区间,在各区间内以不同加湿速率加湿至该区间目标含水率。探究各区间内裂纹增率的变化规律,建立裂纹增率与加湿速率变化规律的数学模型,以低裂纹增率为目标确定最优加湿速率。在此基础上,得出完整区间内以低裂纹增率及高效率为目标的加湿速率数学模型并试验验证。与前期分段加湿工艺相比,本优化工艺可降低发芽前糙米和发芽糙米裂纹增率(41.48±0.15)%和(43.67±0.26)%,糙米发芽率和γ-氨基丁酸含量增加(6.92±0.25)%和(25.03±0.18)%,为高品质发芽糙米的生产方法提供参考。     

马尾松合理采伐量的确定

本文尝试了层次分析法确定马尾松合理采伐量的方法。结果表明，该方法能较好地处理受多个定性、定量因素影响的采伐量问题，为森林经营者提供决策依据。     

利用MATLAB计算切割图中三区域的面积值

切割器是收割机的主要工作部件,它的工作性能直接影响收割机的性能。为此,介绍了利用MATLAB软件对标准往复式切割器在一定工作条件下切割图中3个区域面积的计算方法和计算过程,这将对于切割器的性能评价及工作参数的选择具有重要的作用。     

玉米收获机割台支架模态分析

牵引式玉米收获机由于前轮轴上的载荷超重和同时受到来自设备工作时的冲击载荷作用,前轮轴会出现疲劳断裂。本文用有限元软件ANSYS首先对割台支架结构优化前后进行实体建模,然后进行了前十阶模态分析。结果发现优化前后支架的固有频率都远大于激励频率,不会产生共振,疲劳破坏主要由载荷超重引起的。该结果为玉米收获机的研究和结构优化设计提供合理的理论依据。