Chia (Salvia hispanica) Fodder Yield and Quality as Affected by Sowing Rates and Organic Fertilization

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing rates and organic fertilization on growth and yield biomass quality of chia crop. The agronomic performance and nutritive value of chia were analyzed in order to define alternatives to local forages for dry-season feeding of ruminants in the Mediterranean region. Two sowing rates were arranged in the main plots and three levels of organic fertilization in the subplot with three replicates in split-plot design. Chia growth was not affected by sowing rates and fertilization. Concerning the dry weight and leaf area index (LAI), there were no significant differences among fertilization treatments while sowing rates influenced both dry and LAI, which were significantly increased as sowing rates increased. Forage quality traits were not significantly influenced by sowing rates. With regard to crude protein content, fertilization treatments had a positive effect. The greatest values were observed under manure treatment. Moreover, significant increases were revealed in the crude protein yield as sowing rates increased. In addition, acid detergent fiber (ADF) as well as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were not affected by sowing rates but there were significant differences between fertilization treatments. Data suggest that chia could be successfully used as an alternative forage crop.     

野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交后代秸秆营养品质研究

本试验对野生大豆（Glycine soja）与栽培大豆（G.max）杂交后代不同代次的秸秆进行了营养品质测定,以期为饲草型大豆杂交选育提供科学依据。结果表明,野生大豆与栽培大豆杂交组合中,以晚熟栽培大豆作为母本为正交试验,反交后代植株的粗蛋白、粗灰分和钙的含量均高于正交后代,而粗纤维和粗脂肪含量则低于正交后代;无论是正交还是反交,由杂交F1代到F4代,杂交后代植株的粗蛋白和粗灰分含量均随杂交代数增加而升高,分别由5.66%和4.74%升高到16.34%和6.59%;而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量则随着杂交代数的增加而降低,分别由41.78%、69.31%和50.83%降低到35.36%、60.10%和42.07%。综合分析认为,以反交后代RC F4 1的营养品质最好,更具作为优质牧草的潜力,可用作饲草型大豆的品种选育材料。     

木荷营养泥团苗造林试验

以木荷半年生、1年生大田实生裸根苗为试验对象,采用营养泥团苗秋植、裸根苗春植、裸根苗秋植3种不同定植方式进行造林比较试验.结果表明:营养泥团苗秋植、裸根苗春植成活率极显著高于裸根苗秋植;平均树高、胸径和单位面积生物量大小顺序为营养泥团苗秋植＞裸根苗春植＞裸根苗秋植,营养泥团苗秋植平均树高、胸径和单位面积生物量极显著高于裸根苗春植、秋植.营养泥团苗秋植造林的成本虽略有增加,经灰色局势决策理论多目标综合评价,营养泥团苗造林是较佳的定植方式之一.     

Modulation of electrogenic transport processes in the porcine proximal colon by enteric neurotransmitters

The aim of our study was to evaluate the involvement of essential pro- and antisecretory neurotransmitters in regulation of secretion in porcine proximal colon. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were located immunohistochemically in the epithelium and subepithelial layer. Modulation of epithelial secretion was studied in Ussing chambers. Application of carbachol (CA), sodium nitroprussid (SNP), VIP and SP but not of NPY or SOM resulted in a chloride dependent increase in short circuit current (I(sc) ). I(sc) increase induced by CA, VIP or SNP was not altered by preincubation with tetrodotoxin or indomethacin. In contrast, SP-induced I(sc) increase was diminished by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, indomethacin, L-nitro-arginin-methyl-ester, and atropine but not hexamethonium. Simultaneous application of CA and VIP, or CA and SNP increased the I(sc) stronger as expected. Applying SP/CA led to a smaller increase in I(sc) as calculated. It is concluded that mainly prosecretory neurotransmitters are involved in regulation of colonic secretion. Cross-potentiations of acetylcholine and nitric oxide and acetylcholine and VIP suggest activation of different intracellular cascades. Similar intracellular pathways may be stimulated by acetylcholine and SP, thus preventing an additive effect of the transmitters.     

刺槐种子甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽的影响

为探讨刺槐种子活力丧失与种子内部有毒物质积累的关系,利用1963、1979和2010年的刺槐种子的不同浓度甲醇浸提液处理白菜种子,研究其对白菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同贮藏时间的刺槐种子甲醇浸提液(10%、20%、30%和40%)对白菜(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis)种子发芽率和活力指数以及幼苗的苗高和根生长均有抑制作用,贮藏时间越长抑制作用越明显。用40%浸提液处理,白菜种子不能萌发,1963年采集的刺槐种子30%浸提液处理白菜种子也不能萌发;随着刺槐种子贮藏时间的延长和浸提液浓度的增加,对白菜幼苗的苗高和根长的生长抑制性也在增加,且根长受到的抑制性更明显。说明刺槐种子在贮藏过程中有毒物质在逐渐积累。     

高温胁迫对25个油茶品种渗透调节物质的影响

为探索高温条件下油茶渗透调节物质的变化规律,以江西省林业科学院油茶种质资源圃中25个油茶优良品种为材料,对成年大树的水培枝条进行常温对照、40℃和45℃等3种温度处理,处理时间8h,并测定了其叶片中可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖的含量。结果表明:与常温对照相比,40℃、45℃高温胁迫后,25个油茶品种的可溶性蛋白质平均含量分别增加63.29%、77.88%,游离脯氨酸平均含量分别增加40.82%、83.97%,可溶性糖平均含量分别增加56.57%、147.26%;油茶品种间上述各指标在同一温度胁迫下差异极显著。由此可见,高温胁迫使油茶品种叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均显著升高,且不同油茶品种间存在显著的耐热性差异。     

一株枯草芽胞杆菌产抑菌物质发酵条件及代谢产物稳定性研究

枯草芽胞杆菌L7是从牛粪中选出的,它的代谢产物中的抑菌物质对多种病原菌具有强烈的抑制作用。通过对其抑菌物质产生的发酵条件研究认为,最佳发酵条件为pH值7.0、接种量4%、30℃恒温振荡培养箱培养,发酵时间约60h。其代谢产物中的抑菌物质在80～121℃下30min稳定,pH值在6.0～10.0范围内稳定,光照2～6h后抑菌活性下降。结论：菌株L7的发酵产物具有较强稳定性,可置避光、pH值中性、常温环境中短期保存,经提高活性、纯化等处理后可能作为新型天然防腐剂应用于食品领域,或应用于抗感染微生态制剂的生产。     

半夏组培苗的生根与移栽技术研究

在半夏的组培生根阶段,采用1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L培养基,添加不同配比的IBA进行诱导生根比较;在半夏组培苗的出瓶移栽过程中,生根苗栽植于6种不同基质中,对出瓶移栽后的生长情况进行比较。结果表明:半夏生根阶段最佳的培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.4mg/L,出瓶基质选用蛭石+珍珠岩(体积比1∶1),成活率可达98%,为最佳基质。     

临沂栗园土壤过氧化氢酶活性初探

对临沂市栗园沙质土壤的有机质、碱解氮含量及过氧化氢酶活性的测定结果表明:山岭地、河滩地的土壤过氧化氢酶活性较低;土壤过氧化氢酶活性与土壤有机质含量呈正相关,与土壤碱解氮含量呈抛物曲线型关系。     

板栗苞和牛粪混合堆肥的物质变化特性研究

以板栗苞和牛粪为原料,在北京市密云板栗生态同中进行了为期40d的高温好氧堆肥。板栗苞取自密云水库库区板栗生态园,牛粪取自周边养牛场的奶牛粪便,初始混合物料C／N为25～30,含水量在55％-60％,采用人工翻堆的方法进行通风。结果表明,由于板栗苞与牛粪都是木质纤维素含量较高的物料,所以在堆制结束时,堆肥中的粗纤维含量仍有10．11％,整个过程中粗纤维降解率为57．25％。水溶性硝态氮在堆肥过程中总体呈上升趋势,而铵态氮损失比较严重,比初始物料减少了33．30％。在堆肥结束时,C／N基本稳定在20左右。在堆制20d后,发芽指数（GI）已上升到了80％以上。说明板栗苞和牛粪堆肥40d后基本可以达到腐熟,但堆肥巾仍残存部分有彤的板栗苞,需进一步采取措施促进板栗苞中木质纤维素的降解。