不同嫁接方式对红厚壳成活率及抽芽数的影响

红厚壳（Calophyllum inophyllum）是热带地区多功能的优良树种。为筛选出适宜的红厚壳嫁接 技术,研究采用完全随机区组设计,设置了不同嫁接方式、穗条类型、穗条存放时间等3 因素不同水平 的嫁接试验,分析不同嫁接处理组合对成活率和抽芽数的影响。研究结果表明：劈接、合接、切接3 种 不同嫁接方式中切接的成活率最高,显著高于合接和劈接;半木质化穗条比木质化穗条嫁接成活率高3.5 个百分点,差异未达到显著水平;穗条存放0~2 d 后嫁接的成活率显著高于存放3 d;利用存放2 d 的半 木质化穗条进行切接,抽芽数最多,达到3.9 个。综合分析,采用半木质化穗条存放0~2 d 后进行切接有 利于提高红厚壳嫁接的成活率。     

乌兰察布市后山地区中华金叶榆的嫁接技术探讨

中华金叶榆观赏性极佳,且抗旱抗寒,适应性很强,是城镇建设的美化、绿化常用树种。文章介绍了中华金叶榆的嫁接技术,旨在同类地区推广应用。     

不同砧木嫁接对线辣椒生长发育及光合特性的影响

【目的】研究不同砧木对线辣椒嫁接植株生长状况的影响,为筛选适宜陕西关中地区线辣椒嫁接的砧木品种提供理论依据。【方法】以线辣椒品种辛香8号和多娇为接穗,分别与半野生砧木野立姆、格拉夫特、部野丁和富根卫士进行嫁接,并分别以辛香8号和多娇自根苗为对照,研究嫁接植株的生长势、光合特性和根系特性的变化。【结果】嫁接植株(除辛香8号和多娇与富根卫士嫁接外)的茎粗、最大叶面积和株幅无明显变化,始花节位降低。以野立姆作砧木,2个线辣椒品种株高显著增加;到生长后期叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率高于对照,根系与地上部鲜干质量、根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数、根分枝数和根交叉数显著增加;辛香8号嫁接苗根直径显著降低,多娇嫁接苗稍有降低。以格拉夫特作砧木,到生长后期2个线辣椒品种的株高显著增加,仅次于野立姆,两处理间差异不显著;叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率达到最高,根系鲜质量、地上部鲜干质量显著增加,但低于野立姆;根系干质量变化不显著,根长、根体积显著增加,根直径增加但未达显著性差异;辛香8号嫁接苗的根表面积、根尖数、根分枝数和根交叉数稍有增加,多娇嫁接苗根表面积、根尖数和根交叉数稍有降低,根分枝数显著降低。以部野丁作砧木,到生长后期2个线辣椒品种的株高、根系与地上部鲜干质量、根长和根体积均有增加,但低于格拉夫特;根表面积、根尖数、根分枝数和根交叉数均有增加,但低于野立姆;叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率增幅高于对照;以富根卫士作砧木,多项指标显著降低,影响线辣椒的正常生长发育。【结论】对于所选用的2个接穗品种而言,以野立姆和格拉夫特为砧木的嫁接效果较好,可以提高线辣椒品种的光合作用,促进根系生长,增强植株长势。     

对节白蜡新品种“京翠”繁育技术

指出了对节白腊新品种“京翠”具有树型优美、不须修剪、自然成型的特点。介绍了嫁接繁育新品种“京翠”苗木的方法。从定植砧木、采集接穗、嫁接方法、培育管理、病虫害防治等环节详细探索了实际操作流程、方法和注意事项。以期形成一项较成熟的“京翠”品种繁育推广技术。     

An irrigation control system with a web-based interface for the management of Eucalyptus planting stock in a nursery

Efficient nursery irrigation is a key factor for the production of high-quality forestry planting stock. Conventional timer-based irrigation systems used by most forestry nurseries have some drawbacks that, if not properly managed, can lead to over-irrigation and water wastage, leaching of nutrients and contribute to increased incidences of pests and/or diseases. A practical method to accurately measure media water content and control irrigation more carefully could prevent some of these issues. To evaluate the potential use of an automated irrigation system, commercially available Decagon EC-5 dielectric soil water content sensors were laboratory-calibrated against the gravimetric method using coir/pine bark/vermiculite, coir/perlite and pine bark media to measure water content of nursery seedling containers. Using Eucalyptus dunnii seedlings raised in polystyrene seedling containers to test the irrigation system, a datalogger was programmed to control irrigation for low (0.22–0.26 m³ m^?3), medium (0.26–0.32 m³ m^?3) and high (0.32–0.41 m³ m^?3) watering treatments. The measurements were displayed in near real-time using a web-based system, which allowed for system checking and from which data could be downloaded. The Decagon EC-5 sensors were successfully calibrated for all media (R² > 0.97) and provided a better estimation of media water content than the manufacturer-supplied calibration equation better-suited for soils. The automated irrigation system effectively maintained the specified media water content for E. dunnii seedlings. The high watering treatment seedlings had the highest growth rates, although this treatment also had increased leaching of nutrients. By contrast, the low watering treatment seedlings showed the lowest growth rates, although these seedlings seemed to be more robust and tolerant of water stress. This study showed that the automated irrigation system, based on measurements of the media water content, can be successfully used in scheduling irrigation for Eucalyptus seedlings, leading to potential water savings.     

菜心BrAGL24基因mRNA在嫁接体中的长距离运输分析

为研究结球甘蓝/菜心嫁接体中开花调控基因的mRNA是否从砧木向接穗进行了运输,本试验以参与开花调控的菜心AGL24基因为研究对象,构建结球甘蓝菜心异源嫁接体,并从接穗结球甘蓝中鉴定菜心AGL24的序列。结果表明,利用结球甘蓝和菜心的转录组测序数据,拼接获得了结球甘蓝和菜心的AGL24基因序列(BoAGL24和BrAGL24)。利用菜心BrAGL24基因中的种间差异序列(C1~C7),在异源嫁接(结球甘蓝/菜心嫁接)的接穗结球甘蓝茎尖的转录组测序文库(T2)中筛选得到2条来自砧木菜心BrAGL24的reads。利用结球甘蓝BoAGL24的种间差异序列(G1~G7),分析结球甘蓝内源BoAGL24基因的转录表达量,发现异源嫁接的结球甘蓝茎尖中AGL24的表达量总体上高于同源嫁接的结球甘蓝茎尖中AGL24的表达量。异源嫁接使砧木菜心BrAGL24基因的mRNA运输到接穗结球甘蓝中,且增加了接穗结球甘蓝茎尖中内源BoAGL24基因的转录表达水平。本研究鉴定了菜心BrAGL24基因的mRNA运输特性,为进一步研究AGL24基因的mRNA运输与结球甘蓝/菜心嫁接启动接穗结球甘蓝开花机制奠定了一定的理论基础。     

Does olive mill wastewater stimulate olive plants growth?

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is annually produced in enormous quantities and it constitutes a serious environmental problem. For several years OMW was used as an amendment in olive orchards which given beneficial effects on growth and soil properties. The present work aimed to study the effect of OMW used after one year from the oil extraction, where phenol content decreased. One-year-old plants of “Chemlali” olive cultivar were subjected to three treatments. C0, C1, and C2 were respectively 0%, 30%, and 45% of OMW used for amendment. Each rate was adjusted with water supplied every 15?days (1?L/plantlet). Results showed significant differences between treatments especially for growth, chlorophyll content of leaves (SPAD), and leaf nutrient content (P, K, Ca, and Na). Always C2 was better than C1. Substrate properties were clearly ameliorated particularly an increase of organic matter but the pH and the electric conductivity were unaffected.     

核桃幼苗嫁接技术研究

[目的]为核桃嫁接苗大田快速繁育技术研究提供关键技术,缩短育苗周期。[方法]通过室外芽嫁和幼苗嫁接在相同的时间进行嫁接对比试验,室外芽嫁采用目前最先进最普遍使用的方块芽接,幼苗嫁接采用独创的对芽贴皮接。[结果]幼苗嫁接最高成活率达98.1％,室外芽接最高成活率达75.3％,幼苗嫁接高于室外芽接成活率22.8％;幼苗嫁接综合平均成活率为80.3％,室外芽接综合平均成活率为65.4％,幼苗嫁接高于室外芽接成活率14.9％;幼苗嫁接的接穗抽稍平均最高为81.8cm,室外芽接嫁接的接穗抽稍平均最高为75.1cm,幼苗嫁接的接穗抽稍高于室外芽嫁接6.7cm;幼苗嫁接接穗抽稍综合平均为60.3cm,室外芽接接穗抽稍综合平均为54.9cm,幼苗嫁接接穗抽稍综合平均高于室外芽接接穗抽稍综合平均5.4cm。[结论]幼苗嫁接成活率高,苗木质量好,操作简便,繁殖速度快、省工、省料、成本低,育苗周期短,群众容易接受,其技术领先于目前国内外所报道的先进技术和先进方法。     

Micro-grafting shoot-tip culture of citrus on three trifoliolate rootstocks

Simple techniques and growth regulator treatments to improve micro-grafting success of ‘Mexican’ lime, ‘Valencia’ orange and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit were studied. Most scion cultivars grafted best on ‘Carrizo’ citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rat. x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Dipping the shoot-tip in 2,4-D or kinetin before grafting doubled the percentage of successful grafts. Highest grafting success occurred when the scion shoot-tip was placed in an inverted-T incision on the epicotyl of the rootstock.     

Phytophthora root and collar rot of alders in Bavaria: distribution, modes of spread and possible management strategies

A survey of symptoms of phytophthora root and collar rot of common ( Alnus glutinosa ) and grey alder ( A. incana ) in riparian and forest stands in Bavaria was conducted by the Bavarian State Forestry and river authorities. Symptoms were seen in 1041 out of 3247 forest alder stands. The majority of the affected stands (80·9%) were less than 21 years old; 46% of these young stands were growing on nonflooded sites and 92% had been planted. The riparian survey showed that symptoms were widespread along more than 50% of the river systems. Along some rivers the disease incidence exceeded 50%. The 'alder Phytophthora ' was recovered from 166 of 185 riparian and forest alder stands with symptoms. In 58 of the 60 rivers and streams investigated in detail, the source of inoculum was traced back to infested young alder plantations growing on the river banks or on forest sites that drain into the rivers. Once introduced to a river system, the 'alder Phytophthora ' infects alders downstream. Baiting tests showed that the 'alder Phytophthora ' was present in rootstocks of alders from three out of four nurseries which regularly bought in alder plants for re-sale, but not in rootstocks from four nurseries that grew their own alders from seed. In addition, the infected nurseries used water from infested water courses for irrigation. The Bavarian State Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry has developed a code of practice for producing healthy alder plants in forest nurseries. This includes a 3-year fallow period between bare-rooted alder crops because of poor survival of the 'alder Phytophthora ' in soil.