日本野漆树嫁接繁育技术初探

对日本野漆树进行了3年的嫁接试验,探索出日本野漆树引种在我国最佳的嫁接时间和方法,试验结果显示:夏季采用切腹嫁接法,成活率达46%,秋季采用切腹嫁接,成活率达87%,高于日本文献介绍的同期成活率值(30%~40%),可见在我国南方秋季采用切腹嫁接可大大提高日本野漆树嫁接成活率。     

第8届国际甜椒圃地试验报告

从6个方面对参试品种进行了比较分析,结论认为：除ISPN8#3在陕西岐山试验地表现差以外,其余品种（系）均表现优良。     

水稻机械化插秧推广探讨

水稻机械化栽插技术推广是解决水稻种植全程机械化的重要手段,也是水稻生产继品种和栽培技术更新之后的又一次技术革命,实现水稻插秧机械化,能有效推进农业产业化发展及改变农村生产生活方式.机插秧推广的工作重点是做好机械技术与农艺技术的配套.推广的主要技术措施须抓好机插秧的育苗及大田整理与管理.     

从城市生态绿地系统建设探讨园林苗木生产

城市生态绿地系统的建设需应遵循生物多样性保护、地被性植物群落保护、乡土树种保护和自然环境修复的原则。在此原则指导下,对苗木的种类、形态、功能以及引种方面提出不同的要求,并指出苗木生产的发展方向和具体措施。     

水稻苗床地复种大豆品种筛选试验

水稻苗床地种植大豆,品种选择是关键。试验通过对14个大豆品种(系)进行田间调查、室内考种和产量鉴定筛选出适宜佳木斯地区水稻苗床地不同播期种植的大豆品种。结果表明,6月1～5日苗床复种可种植:安01-1233、安02-348、丰收25、垦丰11等;6月6～10日苗床复种可种植:丰收27、北豆10、北03-96等;6月11～15日苗床复种可种植:合丰42、合丰37等。     

Relative contributions from exposed inshore and estuarine nursery grounds to the recruitment of stone flounder, Platichthys bicoloratus, estimated using otolith Sr:Ca ratios

In Sendai Bay, stone flounder larvae settle and spend their juvenile period in either shallow exposed inshore nursery grounds or estuarine nursery grounds. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative contributions of these two kinds of nursery grounds to the flounder population using otolith strontium:calcium ratios. Stone flounder juveniles were collected from both nursery grounds, and one- and two-year-old flounder were caught deeper in Sendai Bay. Sr and Ca content in the otoliths were measured by electron probe micro analysis. The Sr:Ca ratios in the otolith section corresponding to the early postsettlement period ranged from 3.06 to 3.85 for the exposed inshore areas with stable low temperature and high salinity conditions, and from 3.81 to 5.32 in brackish estuaries with high temperature and low salinity conditions but with large diel and tidal cyclical fluctuations. Values from an estuarine site with stable salinity ranged from 3.58 to 4.15 overlapping with both the above ranges. Rearing experiments supported our inference that the high otolith Sr:Ca ratios of juveniles inhabiting estuarine nursery grounds are attributable to higher temperature and physiological stress caused by the large diel temperature and salinity fluctuations within the estuaries. Estimation of the Sr:Ca ratio of recruited fish using the otolith section formed while in the nursery area showed that at least 20 out of 42 individuals examined originated from estuarine nursery grounds. The present study indicates that estuaries play an important role as nursery grounds for stone flounder, producing about half of the stock in spite of the small and restricted area compared with the wide expanse of the exposed inshore area.     

不同类糖接枝改性对花生蛋白膜物理性质的影响

为了改善花生蛋白膜的性能,利用不同小分子糖对花生蛋白进行接枝改性并将改性蛋白制备成膜,分析了糖接枝对花生蛋白膜的强度、延伸性、透光性、溶解性等物理性质的影响。结果表明:糖类物质能提高花生蛋白膜的拉伸强度,其中木糖改性后蛋白膜强度最高,达未经改性花生蛋白对照膜的1.77倍;葡萄糖对蛋白膜的延伸性影响最大,断裂延伸率最高,达对照膜的1.92倍;木糖能改善花生蛋白膜的耐水性,使膜的溶解性显著下降。综合来看,木糖接枝改善花生蛋白膜性能的效果较好,当蛋白/木糖质量比为10时,蛋白膜拉伸强度为1.48 MPa,断裂延伸率为218.92%,溶解性60.80%,蛋白膜浸泡24 h后仍保持完整膜状态。该研究为花生蛋白膜的性能改善以及进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

AM真菌对田间山银花生长、矿质营养及绿原酸含量的影响

Lonicera confusa, a traditional Chinese medicine herb for treating cold, flu, acute fever, and so forth, is often grown artificially in acidic soils and suffers from phosphorus (P) deficiency. A five-year field experiment was carried out to study the colonization rate, growth, nutrition, and chlorogenic acid content of Lonicera confusa seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus etunicatum and Glomus intraradices. Before transplanting into a field, both AM-inoculated and uninoculated control plants were cultured in nursery beds. In the plants inoculated with the AM fungi, the colonization rate decreased linearly with time and a greater decrease was observed in the plants inoculated with G. intraradices than with G. etunicatum, while the AM colonization increased from 0% to 12.1% in the uninoculated control plants 5 years after transplanting. Plant height, crown diameter, number of new branches, and flower yield increased significantly by AM inoculation as compared to the uninoculated control. Phosphorus concentrations in leaves and flowers increased, and plant uptake of nutrients, e.g., nitrogen (N), P, and potassium (K), was also enhanced significantly by AM inoculation. The Lonicera confusa seedlings had a better response to inoculation of G. intraradices than G. etunicatum in both growth and chlorogenic acid content in flowers. In contrast, both plant P uptake and P concentrations in leaves and flowers were similar between two fungal inoculations. The positive responses of Lonicera confusa to AM inoculation in growth, nutrient uptake, flowering, and chlorogenic acid content in flowers suggested that AM inoculation in nursery beds could promote the plant growth and increase chlorogenic acid content in flowers of Lonicera confusa when grown on acidic and P-deficient soils.     

甜瓜贴接嫁接机切削装置工作参数优化与试验

为提高嫁接成活率并解决用工短缺的问题,全自动嫁接机的研发已成为当前热点。该文设计了甜瓜贴接嫁接机的关键部件嫁接苗切削装置,并采用试验方法对该装置的最佳工作参数进行了优化试验。论文在研制出切削装置样机的基础上,以典型的甜瓜嫁接苗为研究对象,选取切削角度、切削半径和切削高度作为试验因素,以砧穗嫁接贴合百分比为试验指标,进行嫁接苗切削装置作业性能的单因素和二次回归正交试验,确定了该装置的最优工作参数,并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,嫁接苗切削装置的工作参数为切削角度-9°、切削半径39 mm、切削高度30 mm时切削装置切削效果最好,砧穗嫁接贴合百分比为98.2%,可以保证较高的嫁接成活率。切削装置可以成功地完成甜瓜嫁接苗的切削,满足设计要求。该研究为蔬菜全自动嫁接机的研制与开发提供了参考。     

蔬菜嫁接机器人柔性夹持搬运机构设计与试验

针对现有蔬菜嫁接机器人单手爪夹持搬运机构作业时需要在上苗、切削和对接工位往复旋转作业,限制了机器嫁接生产效率,存在夹持伤苗、操作人员上苗等待时间过长、易疲劳等问题,设计了一种四手爪柔性夹持搬运机构,能够实现上苗、切削和对接工位同步作业,以及秧苗柔性夹持与快速搬运,有助于提高机器嫁接效率。提出了基于缓冲材料的柔性夹持手爪和夹持力调节方法,分析了不同厚度EVA缓冲材料的压缩力学特性,得到缓冲垫完全闭合夹持条件下对不同秧苗的夹持力。利用ADAMS软件建立夹持搬运机构动力学仿真模型,分析了秧苗不同夹持力与旋转位移的变化规律,得出当夹持力小于0.4N时秧苗脱离了夹持手的束缚,夹持力大于3.5N时秧苗夹持与旋转作业稳定。机构性能试验结果表明：选取白籽南瓜苗和黄瓜苗为测试对象,柔性夹持手爪平均夹苗成功率为98.5%,比弧形夹持手提高4.5个百分点,伤苗率降低3.5个百分点,柔性夹苗效果显著;该机构嫁接平均速度为1052株/h,是同类型单手爪嫁接机作业效率的1.72倍,嫁接成功率为96.67%,大幅提高了嫁接机器人生产效率,能够满足工厂化嫁接育苗生产需求。本文研究结果可为高速嫁接机器人的夹持搬运机构设计和优化提供技术参考。