伊春国有林区苗圃经营中存在的主要问题与发展的新思路

针对伊春国有林区苗圃基础设施建设滞后,苗木质量水平不高,苗圃意识淡薄,管理水平滑坡,经营管理粗放,专业队伍接续不上等问题,分析原因提出相应的思路。     

竹种苗产业现状与发展对策

竹种苗是竹产业发展的基础。目前,我国竹种苗产业发展存在着生产能力不足、园林应用存在误区、竹种知识缺乏、市场经营不规范等问题。针对存在的问题,提出了促进竹种苗产业发展的建议,包括定向培育竹苗、建立信息交流平台、普及竹种知识、加强合作、开展基础研究等。     

Observations of Phytophthora spp. in Water Recirculation Systems in Commercial Hardy Ornamental Nursery Stock

Samples of water and sediment were taken from drains, reservoirs and wells from four commercial hardy ornamental nurseries with water recirculation systems. The samples were taken on seven different dates throughout a single year from August 1994 to July 1995. The samples were screened for Phytophthora species using five different methods: direct plating, three bait tests (using lupin seedlings, apples and Rhododendron leaves) and a DAS-ELISA (double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay) with two antisera. In the nurseries with old water recirculation systems, Phytophthora species were detected in the drains and in the reservoirs. In the nursery with a new recirculation system, the pathogens were only present in the drains. None of the water samples from wells in any of the nurseries were contaminated. Phytophthora species were present in the water as well as in the sediment samples from drains and reservoirs. They were detected in the water recirculation systems irrespective of the season. The number of isolates increased about sevenfold between late summer and spring. At least 12 different Phytophthora species were identified: some isolates were previously unrecorded species. The epidemiology of the pathogens in outdoor water recirculation systems as well as the importance of the results for commercial nurseries is discussed.     

Seed production of Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus)

Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Charybdis feriatus (Linnaeus) were investigated to identify suitable techniques for broodstock management and seed production. Likewise, factors such as ablation, water depth and light requirements affecting survival or reproductive performance were tested. Production of megalops in tanks and juveniles in net cages installed in earthen ponds was conducted. Wild‐caught berried females produced a significantly higher number of zoeae per gram body weight (BW) of the female (3300±600) than captive spawners (867±58). Ablated and unablated crabs spawned after a month and ovaries of both had oocytes in all developmental stages after spawning, indicating that ablation was not necessary. Broodstock survived higher when stocked in 1 m‐deep water and kept in dark conditions compared with shallow (0.5 m depth) water or ambient lighting. There were six zoea and one megalopa stage. Megalops were produced (survival of 2–22% in 1 tonne or 23–55% in 3 L tanks) when methods for the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) were used, but feeding with Artemia started only at the Z4 stage. Survival of megalops after 1 month was higher when stocked in net cages installed in an earthen pond (32–82%) than when reared continuously in land‐based tanks (5–11%).     

光叶石楠组培快速繁殖

以光叶石楠Photinia glabra当年生枝的茎段为材料,进行植物生长调节物质对光叶石楠腋芽诱导、增殖、分化、生长及生根的对比试验.结果表明:MS 0.5 mg·L-1BA 1.0 mg·L-1KT 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为腋芽诱导的最适培养基,腋芽诱导率达93.3%;MS 1.0 mg·L-1BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为芽增殖最适培养基.1/2 MS 0.1 mg·L-1IBA和1/2 MS 0.1 mg·L-1NAA为光叶石楠试管苗生根较为合适的培养基,生根率分别为83.3%和93.0%,试管苗移栽成活率达90%以上.表3参5     

四川桤木无性系采穗圃修枝与施肥试验初报

为提高四川桤木无性系采穗圃穗务产量,对其无性系进行了修枝与施肥试验,试验表明：在无性系定杆150cm高时,将其抽发的侧枝进行短截修剪,修剪强度以轻、中短截效果最佳,可显著提高无性系穗条产量,在无性系定杆120cm高时,施用氮肥可显著提高无性系穗条产量?     

Prevalence and incidence of the root-inhabiting fungi, Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon and Pythium, on container-grown Douglas-fir and spruce seedlings in British Columbia

Surveys were made at the end of the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons for root-inhabiting fungi in the genera Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon and Pythium from the roots of one year-old container-grown Douglas-fir and spruce seedlings grown under greenhouse conditions. In the 1990 survey of four nurseries, it was found that 61–97% of both Douglas-fir and spruce roots were colonized with Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon or Pythium. There were significantly (p0.05) more Douglas-fir roots than spruce roots colonized by Fusarium at all nurseries, however, there were significantly (p0.05) more spruce roots than Douglas-fir roots colonized by Cylindrocarpon and Pythium. Root colonization of Douglas-fir and spruce by the three fungal genera during 1991 varied from 0–82% at three nurseries, however, only at a south coastal nursery was there significantly (p0.05) more spruce than Douglas-fir roots colonized by Cylindrocarpon. Significantly more seedlings were infected in 1990 than in 1991. In 1991, there were few significant differences between Douglas-fir and spruce, in the percentage of seedlings with colonized roots and in the percentage of growth medium colonized by the fungi. However, there were significant differences between nurseries.     

淳安县林业骨干苗圃建设的探讨

林业骨干苗圃的建设，是发展“一优二高”林业的物质基础，针对淳安县林业骨干苗圃的建设，科学地确定了建设的原则和规模，并对目前骨干苗圃的建设形式及存在问题提出了一些建议。     

科尔沁沙地针叶树引种试验初报

为丰富科尔沁沙地针叶树种的多样性 ,“0 0 9”项目引种外来针叶树种在科尔沁沙地进行育苗造林。经多年的育苗试验和物侯观测 ,已初步了解各树种在科尔沁沙地的生长情况 ,经试验分析和造林对比已初步筛选出适宜该地生长的 4个树种9个种源 ,丰富了科尔沁沙地的树种资源。