蚕桑多元化发展新方向——生物防治

蚕桑多元化发展是产业发展的方向,现主要集中于蚕桑资源综合利用,产业附加值低,产业水平亟待提高。生物防治的安全性、高技术含量和高附加值为产业的壮大提供了广阔市场前景。柞蚕卵繁育寄生蜂技术较为成熟,已经大量生产和推广。利用蚕桑副产物生产生物农药,开展生物防治,可成为蚕桑多元化发展的新方向。     

First report of thelaziosis (Thelazia anolabiata) in an Andean Cock of the Rock (Rupicola peruviana) from Peru

Thelazia anolabiata is a spirurid nematode living in the orbits of birds which can cause lacrimation, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcers. This species is reported for the first time from an Andean Cock of the Rock, Rupicola peruviana (Passeriformes: Cotingidae), from a zoo in Lima, Peru. Clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis were resolved with the treatment of ivermectin, ciprofloxacin, and an epithelium regenerator, and the host is presently in good health. The nematodes were identified using the primary characteristics used to differentiate the species of this genus as lengths of spicules and other morphologic characteristics.     

猪鸡联养研究

研究表明笼养肉鸡的鸡粪中粗蛋白含量比平面养的高１６．４７个百分点，而粗纤维低９．１２个百分点。用鸡粪喂猪，其饲料报酬同加入鸡粪的比例呈正相关，如日粮中添加３０－６０％鸡粪，其饲料报酬提高１５．３２－５５．３２％；同样加入４０％鸡粪喂猪，鸡粪经发酵的饲料报酬又比不发酵的高９．６２％。为使育肥猪得到较好的增重，还应将日粮的营养水平调整到接近饲养标准，猪鸡联养规模，一个专业户一次批量以肉鸡１０００－１５００羽，联养生猪１０－２０头为宜。     

The effect of different food types and rations on the liver and muscle of cod (Gadus morhua L.)

In a short time feeding experiment it was shown that the liver weight of cod was significantly reduced in prawn-fed cod compared to sand-eel-fed cod. The dry weight and the protein content of the muscle were not significantly reduced. It is concluded that short time energy deprivation of cod primarily affects the liver. The results futher support the view that the food type and ration of cod can produce anomalous effects in field studies of e.g. parasite induced liver weight decrease in cod.     

乳牛血清钙磷乘积与骨密度的关系

对３０头乳牛的血清钙，血清无机磷和骨密度值进行了测定，并进行了钙磷乘积与骨密度值的相关分析，研究表明，血清钙磷乘积为３２（２８～３４）时，骨密度增加最少，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷比值呈显著负相关，钙磷乘积为３８（３５～４０）时，骨密度增加最多，其增加值与血清钙，钙磷化呈极显著负相关，与血清无机磷呈显著性相关，钙磷乘积为５５（４１～１０４）时，骨密度增加居第二位，其增加值与血清钙，血清无机磷，钙磷乘积     

Prevalence of Electrolyte Disturbances and Perianesthetic Death Risk Factors in 120 Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intraoperative electrolyte disturbances and risk factors associated with perianesthetic death in horses undergoing colic surgery. The files of 120 horses meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Data retrieved from the medical records, including demographic data and the occurrence of electrolyte disturbances and other intraoperative complications, were analyzed with a two step-approach by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Hypocalcemia was the most represented electrolyte disturbance (52.5%), followed by hypokalemia (30.0%) that was associated with intraoperative administration of salbutamol (P = .045). Perianesthetic death occurred in 46 horses, accounting for an overall mortality rate of 38.3%. Risk factors associated with death were anesthetic duration (P = .001), body weight (P = .020), presence of gastric reflux before anesthesia (P = .021), and intraoperative tachycardia (P = .043) and acidosis (P = .025). The mortality in the study population was comparable to previously reported findings. Based on the study findings, it is advisable to optimize hemodynamics prior to anesthesia, in order to prevent intraoperative tachycardia that is associated with increased risk of death. Heavier horses and those with gastric reflux may have a higher risk of fatalities, and intraoperative salbutamol administration may contribute to hypokalemia.     

枳术丸水煎液对幼犬脾阳虚模型治疗作用研究

在观察枳术丸对脾阳虚幼犬模型的治疗作用基础上,比较3种不同剂量枳术丸水煎液的疗效,并研究其对幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响。结果显示,枳术丸水煎液中剂量（含生药1.0g/mL）灌胃疗效最好,使幼犬采食量增加、体重恢复、血虚证指标改善最明显;其次为低剂量（含生药0.5g/mL）组;高剂量（含生药5.0g/mL）组和阳性对照组疗效最差;枳术丸水煎液中剂量提高幼犬胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性最明显。枳术丸水煎液对胃酸分泌量和胃蛋白酶活性的影响可能为其健脾作用机制。     

青海河卡牧场硒的季节变化及盈缺分析

试验研究了青海共和盆地河卡牧场夏、冬两季牧草草地系统(水、土壤、牧草、绵羊)中硒的含量变化.结果表明,河卡牧场夏季土壤和牧草严重缺硒,绵羊血浆中硒浓度低于临界水平,夏冬两季绵羊被毛中硒含量低于毛硒含量临界值.     

松嫩平原羊草草地水淹干扰恢复过程的群落动态

根据随机取样的测定数据，经过幂函数和多元回归分析及相关检验，揭示了草地水淹干扰对羊草 寸草苔、羊草 杂类草群范数量性状的变化规律。水淹干扰对草地植被的物种组成及其比例有明显的影响。水淹后基本恢复到正常草地的种类数量和生产量配置大约需要6—7年。随着生境水分减少和土壤变干，羊草种群的数量和生物量均以幂函数形式增加，而寸草苔和杂类草的数量和生物量则呈先增后降的变化过程。     

选择产蛋量七个世代蛋壳及蛋品质的相关反应

以北京白鸡Ⅲ系七世代选择群和基础群为材料,估计选择产蛋量七个世代对蛋壳及蛋品质产生的相关反应.结果表明,经七个世代选择,产蛋量、蛋重、蛋白高度和哈夫单位都有所提高,而蛋壳厚度和蛋比重有一定程度下降.估计蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈夫单位的遗传力分别是0.159 5、0.017 8和0.099 4.产蛋量与蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋壳厚度呈负遗传相关.选择产蛋量使蛋壳品质发生负向相关反应.