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31.
本文综述了国外有关小麦茎秆非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)贮积和再运转规律的研究结果。小麦茎秆 NSC 的主要贮藏形式是果聚糖。果聚糖的代谢受植株源-库关系的调节,并与品种、环境条件有密切关系。小麦籽粒产量在很大程度上依赖于茎秆 NSC 的再运转。 相似文献
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While artificial light at night (ALAN) is gaining more attention in view of its proven negative effect on animals, including humans, it remains a little-known matter when it comes to plants. Street lamps emit light that can be perceived by plants, and therefore disturb their natural photoperiod. In the present work we examine two different light treatments considered as low intensity (L-LP) and medium intensity (M-LP) light pollution (1 μmol·m−2·s−1 and 30 μmol·m−2·s−1 during the night, respectively) both comparable to different street lamps parameters (based on own field measurements). We have studied the influence of those LP treatments on the spring phenology and physiology of 4 tree species and 4 shrub species. The experiment involved species commonly used in European urban areas: Tilia tomentosa, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Acer campestre, Cornus alba, Lonicera pileata, Kerria japonica and Spiraea ×cinerea. All the investigated species were influenced by ALAN and developed buds faster than the control group. However, the changes were visible at different stages of bud development depending on species. The light pollution treatments resulted in a reduction of soluble sugars, measured in apical twigs of T. tomentosa, S. ×cinerea, K. japonica and A. campestre. In contrast, the soluble sugar content increased in branches of light-polluted L. pileata and C. alba when compared to the control group. These results prove, that light pollution affects the spring phenology and physiology of deciduous species. Long-term consequences of such reactions require more detailed studies. 相似文献
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Wientjes JG Soede NM Aarsse F Laurenssen BF Koopmanschap RE van den Brand H Kemp B 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):494-505
Effects of different carbohydrate sources on plasma glucose, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were compared to subsequently be able to study effects of insulin-stimulating diets on follicle development in sows. The following feed components were tested in 12 sows during six consecutive test periods of 9.5 days: dextrose (DEX), sucrose (SUC), lactose (LAC), dextrose plus lactose (DL), sucrose plus lactose (SL), dextrose plus sugarbeet pulp (DSBP) and control (CON). On day 2, 5 and 9 of each test period, plasma glucose (only at day 9), insulin and IGF-I profiles were determined. Despite similar glucose profiles for all diets, the postprandial insulin response was higher for DL and SL compared with CON and LAC; the other diets were intermediate. Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in CON, LAC and SL compared with DSBP, but differences were only marginal. It was concluded that dextrose and sucrose have the potential to stimulate fast and high insulin peaks, especially when combined with additional lactose. Despite the high dextrose in the DSBP diet, the insulin response was flattened, probably due to the viscosity of sugarbeet pulp. The results show that modulation of plasma insulin levels by dietary carbohydrates seems possible in anabolic sows, but IGF-I levels are less easily modified. 相似文献
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Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu Qiangqiang Li Yiwen Xu Mingming Xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei Weiyang Zhang Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang 《农业科学学报》2024,23(5):1507-1522
Recently developed ‘super’rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem ofpoor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymesrelated to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructuresrelated to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate theeffects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under twoirrigation regimes of well-watered (WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soildrying (AWMD). Compared with the WWtreatment, the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starchsynthase (StSase) and starch branching enzyme (SBE), and the accumulation ofnon-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in the stems before heading weresignificantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems inthe AWMD treatment. After heading, theactivities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) andsucrose synthase in the synthetic direction (SSs) were increased in the stemsto promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymaticactivities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction (SSc), AGPase, StSaseand SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling,especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD. However, there were no significantdifferences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%,respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of keyenzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling,as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount ofNSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate ofNSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferiorspikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism. 相似文献
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【背景】轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)是全球范围内幼儿和各种幼畜急性病毒性胃肠炎的主要原因之一,在公共卫生中具有重要意义。猪轮状病毒病是一种由猪轮状病毒(Porcine Rotavirus,PoRV)引起的一种急性肠道传染病,常造成仔猪消化道功能紊乱,引发严重的呕吐、腹泻和脱水症状,一旦爆发将对养猪业造成重大经济损失。目前,针对PoRV感染尚无特效药物治疗,疫苗接种是控制感染的最经济的途径。然而,PoRV基因型多且易变异,不同基因型之间的交叉保护很不理想。因此,亟需加强对PoRV的流行病学监测和致病机制研究,探索新型防控策略。【目的】利用大肠杆菌原核系统表达PoRV NSP2、NSP4和NSP5非结构蛋白并免疫家兔获得相应多克隆抗体,为PoRV的防控和致病机制研究提供技术手段。【方法】将PoRV的NSP2、NSP4和NSP5基因进行密码子优化后,克隆到pCold-sumo载体中。将测序正确的阳性重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导获得重组蛋白。利用SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定蛋白表达情况。对重组蛋白进行亲和层析柱纯化和定量后,采用皮下多点注射方法接种新西兰大白兔,每隔14 d加强免疫一次,经过3次免疫后制备多克隆抗体。采用间接ELISA方法测定多克隆抗体的效价、间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western blot验证多克隆抗体与PoRV的反应性。再通过Western blot进一步检测PoRV感染过程中3个非结构蛋白的动态表达,以及鉴定3个重组真核质粒转染的效果。【结果】NSP2、NSP4和NSP5重组菌能够有效表达目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析可在目标位置清晰观察到明显条带,并且目的蛋白以可溶性形式存在。3个重组蛋白制备的多克隆抗体,ELISA效价均超过1﹕81 000,表明重组蛋白免疫原性良好。IFA结果表明3个多克隆抗体均能够与优势流行基因型轮状病毒发生特异性反应,与其他常见腹泻病原无反应。Western blot结果也展示了研究制备的NSP4、NSP5多克隆抗体可用于病毒感染过程中非结构蛋白的动态表达以及真核质粒转染的鉴定。而NSP2多克隆抗体未能特异性识别到PoRV感染后的NSP2蛋白的表达,但特异性检测到NSP2重组质粒转染后的NSP2蛋白表达,这一结果可能与NSP2的表达特性有关,有待进一步研究确认。随后进行的真核质粒转染验证以及PoRV感染过程中非结构蛋白的动态表达检测结果也验证了本实验制备多克隆抗体的实用性。【结论】成功利用大肠杆菌表达了PoRV的NSP2、NSP4和NSP5非结构蛋白,并获得效价高、特异性良好的多克隆抗体,为PoRV致病机制研究和防控技术研发奠定基础。 相似文献
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Krishna P. Singha;Narottam P. Sahu;Parimal Sardar;Naseemashahul Shamna;Vikas Kumar; 《Reviews in Aquaculture》2024,16(2):674-705
Carbohydrates serve as essential macronutrients in aquaculture feeds, providing cost-efficiency and numerous advantages, including energy supply, pellet stability, reduced ammonia excretion, and support for exoskeleton synthesis in crustaceans. Despite their significance, research on carbohydrate nutrition in crustaceans has been relatively limited compared to finfish. This comprehensive review addresses this knowledge gap by presenting contemporary insights into carbohydrate utilization in commercially important crustacean species, encompassing shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters, and crayfishes. The review underscores the pivotal role of carbohydrates, identifies limiting factors, and outlines strategies for enhancing efficiency. Wheat and sorghum/milo emerge as particularly promising carbohydrate sources. Nevertheless, determining species-specific carbohydrate inclusion levels remains essential for further investigation. This review also emphasizes species-specific distinctions in carbohydrate utilization during starvation, influenced by factors such as age, moulting stage, and digestive capacity. Challenging the misconception that carbohydrates are superfluous for crustaceans is imperative. Additional research to advance comprehension of their utilization mechanisms is vital. Enhanced knowledge of carbohydrate utilization can pave the way for economically sustainable and environmentally friendly feeds in crustacean aquaculture. Furthermore, exploring exogenous enzyme potential, optimizing pre-treatment methodologies, and harnessing probiotics can further augment carbohydrate utilization. These advancements hold promise for bolstering the growth and sustainability of the crustacean industry, meeting the surging demand for seafood production while minimizing environmental impact. 相似文献
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ZHU Jinling WEI Ruping WANG Xin ZHENG Chaoqun WANG Mengmeng YANG Yicheng YANG Liuyan 《水稻科学》2023,30(3):235-247
Crop yield and quality are often limited by the amount of phosphate fertilizer added to infertile soils, a key limiting factor for sustainable development in modern agriculture. The polyphosphate kinase(ppk) gene-expressing transgenic rice with a single-copy line(ETRS) is constructed to improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency for phosphorus resource conservation. To investigate the potential mechanisms of the increased biomass in ETRS in low phosphate culture, ETRS was cultivated in ... 相似文献
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