蔬菜罐头亚硝酸盐测定影响因素研究

以酸黄瓜罐头、青豆罐头、蘑菇罐头为研究对象,以提取时间和提取温度、活性炭粉、显色剂加入顺序、最大吸收波长、酸度、维生素C为参考因素,在测定亚硝酸盐国际方法的基础上,通过试验寻找出测定蔬菜罐头中亚硝酸盐含量的较佳方法。试验发现,在进行蔬菜罐头样品中亚硝酸盐的提取时,提取的最佳条件是70℃水浴提取30-45min;样品液中加2g活性炭粉,能有效排除色素和抗坏血酸对亚硝酸盐测定造成的干扰;显色剂先加入2mL对氨基苯磺酸溶液,5min后再加入1mL N-1萘乙二胺盐酸溶液,可使显色稳定;在538nm处有最大吸收波长。     

广东主要烟区烤烟亚硝酸盐含量的比较分析

测定了采自广东省主要烟区梅州市和韶关市的43个烤烟样品的亚硝酸盐含量,结果表明:烤烟的亚硝酸盐含量平均为1.3614 μg/g,梅州烟区和韶关烟区烤烟的亚硝酸盐含量差异不显著,但个别采样点间却存在显著差异,如大埔烤烟的亚硝酸盐含量为1.7747μg/g,而兴宁烤烟的亚硝酸盐含量则为0.7672μg/g.     

低压离子色谱分离-化学发光检测水中痕量亚硝酸根

低压离子色谱分离化学发光方法检测NO^-2,利用Na2CO3作为色谱柱的洗脱液,研究了分离条件、发光条件及二者的匹配方式等因素对分离检测的影响,测定NO^-2线性范围为0．8～10．0mg／L,检测限为O.2mg／L;对4．0mg／LNO^-2连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为3．1％。     

一种测定土壤反硝化酶的改进方法

介绍了一种新的测定土壤反硝化酶的装置,使土壤反硝化酶(硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶)的测定更加简便、灵敏、准确。对3种不同质地的土壤从影响土壤反硝化酶活性的3种关键因素:培养时间、称样量和真空度方面进行了研究。结果表明,土壤反硝化酶的最佳培养时间为24—27h,称样量与真空度因酶而异。     

合欢花多酚的提取及对亚硝酸盐的清除作用

通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了合欢花多酚的提取工艺,考察了料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度对合欢花多酚提取率的影响及多酚对亚硝酸盐的清除作用.结果表明,各因素影响的大小顺序为乙醇体积分数＞提取时间＞提取温度＞料液比;提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶25 (m/V,g∶mL),乙醇体积分数50％,提取时间2.0 h,提取温度70℃,在此条件下,合欢花多酚提取率为2.59％;当多酚浓度达到6.0 μg/mL时,对亚硝酸盐的清除率为73.9％.     

不同施氮量下稻虾共作水稻产量与田面水水质特征

研究了不同氮用量对稻虾共作水稻产量与田面水水质的影响,以为稻虾共作实现精确施肥提供理论依据。试验共设5个氮肥用量处理,分别设置氮0、60、120、180和240 kg/hm²,依次以CK、N₆₀、N₁₂₀、N₁₈₀、N₂₄₀表示,氮肥均按基肥:分蘖肥7∶3施肥。结果表明,施肥能维持土壤较高的无机氮含量并能促进水稻干物质积累,施肥处理提高水稻产量8%～42%,其中N₁₂₀产量最高,比CK增产42%;施氮后3 d内田面水中氨态氮含量迅速增加,随着时间的推迟氨态氮随之降低,在14 d后降到最低且趋于稳定,其中施氮后5 d内各处理的氨态氮浓度差异显著,施氮越多其值越大;田面水中亚硝态氮浓度在前5 d先升高后降低再升高,其中第3 d各施肥处理差异较显著,第7 d后其浓度处理间差异不显著;不同施氮量显著影响了田面水的pH,各处理在施肥后14 d内的pH波动在6.57～8.22之间,但14 d以后各处理差异不显著。适宜的施氮量促进水稻增产的同时也减少了田间表面水氨态氮和...     

GHJ-Ⅰ型生物包净化功能研究

利用生物膜净水原理研制的GHJ-Ⅰ型生物包具有净化水中氨氮、亚硝酸氮,将其转化为毒性较小的硝酸氮的能力。在水温17~19℃、溶氧5.2~7.4mg/L、p H7.23~8.48条件下,容积19L的生物包培养熟化时间为15d,平均处理氨氮和亚硝酸氮的能力为2.5g/d。     

亚硝酸盐氮胁迫对鳙血液生化指标以及组织HSP70 mRNA表达水平的影响

为了探讨亚硝酸盐氮胁迫对鳙[初均重:(180.05±0.092)g]血液生化指标和组织热休克蛋白70基因表达水平的影响,实验选用170尾鳙,暴露于48.634 mg/L亚硝酸盐氮96 h后,进行96 h恢复实验。并在胁迫0、6、12、24、48、72和96 h以及恢复12、24、48、72和96 h时采集样品。结果显示,胁迫6 h后,血清皮质醇含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著升高;胁迫12 h后,血清中葡萄糖含量显著升高;胁迫24 h后,血清总胆固醇含量开始显著降低;胁迫48 h后,血清总蛋白和甘油三酯含量开始显著降低,三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量和谷草转氨酶活性则显著升高;胁迫72 h后,血清低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白含量开始显著降低。恢复96 h后,鱼体血清生理指标大多都已恢复至胁迫前水平,而组织热休克蛋白70 mRNA表达水平的差异显示,头肾抗亚硝酸盐氮响应最快,其次为鳃和肠道,而脾脏热休克蛋白70 mRNA表达水平在恢复12 h时显著升高;恢复96 h后,除鳃组织外,肾脏、肠道和脾脏的热休克蛋白70 mRNA表达量均恢复至胁迫前水平。研究表明,亚硝酸盐氮对鳙的蛋白质代谢、脂质代谢和糖代谢均产生影响,并且诱导部分组织热休克蛋白70 mRNA的表达,而鳙对水体中高浓度的亚硝酸盐氮应激6 h即可产生快速应答,并启动防损伤自我保护机制,促进新陈代谢水平,保护机体免受应激损伤。     

Identification and real‐time qPCR quantification of a nitrite‐N degrading bacterial strain in aquatic water

Biological nitrogen removal technology using microbe is an efficient process for nitrogen removal from aquatic water. To determine the key of efficient application on how the effect of probiotics lasting, a nitrite nitrogen (nitrite‐N) degrading 8DO17 strain Pseudomonas was screened and a method for quantification was explored. Real‐time qPCR assays based on the 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNA) were used to quantify the probiotics. The results showed that (i) the nitrite‐N degradation rate of the 8DO17 strain was 99%; (ii) a wide spectrum of pH (7.0–9.0) and concentration of nitrite‐N (0.5–10 mg L^?1) and the highest rate of nitrite‐N degradation near to 100% under optimum conditions (35°C, salinity 30, pH 7.5) was explored; (iii) no significant differences were found in the survival, total haemocyte count, antibacterial activities and bacteriolytic activity of the shrimp between the treatments and the control (P > 0.05); (iv) for the use of real‐time PCR based on 16S rDNA test, detection limit is 10³ DNA copies and an excellent correlation coefficients (R² = 0.999) was obtained; and (v) in the application of real‐time PCR assay in four nitrite‐N degrading samples, highly significant positive correlation relation (P < 0.01) was found between log copy number of 16S rDNA and the rate of nitrite‐N degradation. The results suggest the real‐time PCR is a very rapid and sensitive technique for monitoring the dynamic changes and assessing the effect in practical application of the 8DO17 strain in aquatic water.     

Resistance of Cobia,Rachycentron canadum,Juveniles to Low Salinity,Low Temperature,and High Environmental Nitrite Concentrations

Abstract

Resistance of juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, to low salinity, low temperature and high nitrite concentrations was examined under laboratory conditions. After acclimating juveniles to a salinity of 20 g/L (27.3°C), salinity was decreased by 2 g/L/day. The first fish died at a salinity of 8 g/L and 80% offish were dead within 24 hours of exposure to 2 g/L. Acclimation offish to 22.6°C (21 g/L salinity) followed by a temperature reduction of 0.53°C/day resulted in initial mortality at 12.9°C. The median-lethal temperature was 12.1°C and all fish were dead by the time the temperature reached 10.4°C. Fish exposed for 96 hours to nominal ? 32 mg/L nitrite-N survived. Results of this study indicate that cobia juveniles require a salinity and temperature of > 8.0 g/L and > 12.9°C, respectively, and that environmental nitrite should not be deleterious at concentrations normally found in aquaculture systems.