甘蔗新品种Sp71-6180的引种试验初报

Sp71-6180是云南省农科院甘蔗研究所1995年从墨西哥引进,经过引种疫情检测、繁殖观察、试验筛选和全省甘蔗品种区试及生产示范选择而成的优良甘蔗新品种。Sp71-6180出苗整齐,生势强,脱叶性好,成茎率高,宿根性强,为中小茎种,早熟高糖高产种。该品种通过各试验阶段表明:平均产蔗100.95t/hm2,比对照ROC10增产24.1%,比桂糖11号增产16.6%;甘蔗平均含糖分14.89%,比对照ROC10高0.58%,比桂糖11号高0.59%,其中,11月份甘蔗含糖分13.27%,较二对照高1.36%～1.63%;平均含糖15.6t/hm2,比对照ROC10增产30.1%,比桂糖11号增产25.4%。该品种适宜于旱地栽种,适应性广,经过黑穗病人工接种鉴定为1级高抗。该品种表现优良,达到国家甘蔗新品种审定标准,于2004年10月通过云南省作物品种审定委员会审定。     

广东省紫草科植物新记录

报道了广东省紫草科的2个新记录种：斑种草Bothriospermum chinense Bge．、倒提壶Cynoglossum amabile Stapf et Drumm．凭证标本保存在中国科学院华南植物园标本馆（IBSC）．     

中国粉蚧科四新记录种（同翅目：蚧总科）

报道了采自湖北西部的粉蚧科4中国新记录种，即运东星粉蚧Heliococcus kurilensis Danzig，毛刺绵粉蚧Phenacoccus trichonotus（Danzig），东方泡粉蚧Puto orientalis Danzig和鸭茅条粉蚧Trionymus dactylis Green。     

中国天牛科三新记录种

记述了中国天牛科Cerambycidae,天牛亚科Cerambycinae中的3个新记录种,即为柄天牛属Aphrodisium的紫胸柄天牛A.semipurpureumPic、绿天牛属Chelidonium的二斑绿天牛C.binotaticollePic和长绿天牛属Chlori dolum的绒领长绿天牛C.cinnyrisPascoe.     

Plant Availability of Cadmium in Soils: I. Extractable Cadmium in Newly and Long-Term Cultivated Soils

Abstract

Effects of long-term use of phosphate fertilizers on extractable soil Cd in relation to its concentrations in plants were investigated. “Paired” soil samples were collected from newly and long-term cultivated fields and analyzed for Cd by extraction with NH₄OAc, DTPA, NH₄OAc-EDTA, NH₄NO₃, HCl and CaCl₂. Plant samples were also collected and analyzed for Cd. Significant differences in extractable Cd by all the extractants except NH₄NO₃ were observed between the newly and long-term cultivated soils. The Cd concentrations in plants were not increased by the elevated extractable Cd. Although significant relationships were observed between plant Cd and extractable soil Cd, none of the extractants used alone gave a good assessment of plant-available Cd for all the samples used in this study.     

Plant Availability of Cadmium in Soils: II. Factors Related to the Extractability and Plant Uptake of Cadmium in Cultivated Soils

Abstract

Eighty four soil samples collected from southeastern Norway were analyzed for Cd by extraction with NH₄OAc, DTPA, NH₄OAc-EDTA, NH₄NO₃, HCl and CaCl₂. The total Cd, pH, exchangeable K and Ca, dithionite-extractable Mn, available P and fine sand (0.2–0.02 mm) contents were the principal factors related to the extractable Cd, with some inter-extractant variations. Cadmium extracted by NH₄NO₃, NH₄OAc, HCl and CaCl₂ decreased with increasing soil pH, but the Cd extracted by all the extractants increased with increasing total Cd, exchangeable K and Ca, available P, and Mn-oxide contents in the soils. The Cd concentrations in plants were significantly related to the extractable Cd, exchangeable Ca and Mg, pH, Mn-oxides and organic matter content.     

高钙日粮对蛋锰及子代出壳雏体内锰含量的影响

在蛋用鸡基础日粮中添加不同水平的钙，研究了高钙日粮对其蛋锰及子代出壳雏血锰和多数组织锰含量的影响。结果表明，随日粮钙水平提高，蛋锰及子代出壳雏血锰含量和多数组织锰含量影响降低（Ｐ＜０．０１或０．０５），但胚胎及出壳雏鸡未见畸变     

初雏接种益生菌对雏鸡肠道菌群的影响

本试验研究了使用竞争排斥类益生菌制剂(CE)对初生雏鸡肠道菌群的影响。试验一随机将180只刚出壳雏鸡分为两组,试验组在0d每只口服接种益生菌106CFU,而对照组则口服无菌生理盐水。通过选择性培养和DGGE带型分析,研究不同日龄雏鸡盲肠内容物中菌群结构的变化。结果表明:试验和对照组的细菌总数差异不显著,试验组的大肠杆菌数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组的乳酸杆菌数高于对照组;肠球菌数低于对照组,但二者差异不显著。PCR-DGGE结果表明试验组的电泳条带明显多于对照组,而且两组肠道菌群按不同处理明显地聚类成两大分支,说明初雏接种益生菌可以影响后期的盲肠菌群结构。试验二的分组和0d处理同试验一,两组随后在1d均口服接种鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。通过检测沙门氏菌和耐药性大肠杆菌定植数量来比较益生菌对雏鸡的保护率。结果表明:在12d,对照组盲肠内沙门氏菌阳性率为46.15%,而试验组则未检出。同时,与对照组相比,试验组盲肠内耐30ppm卡那霉素和5ppm氨苄青霉素的大肠杆菌数量下降显著。以上结果显示,竞争排斥类益生菌制剂不仅可在雏鸡肠道内成功定植,而且可以显著降低肠道沙门氏菌的数量。     

新组合和中国新记录──罗氏蔓透翅蛾(鳞翅目:透翅蛾科)

我国透翅蛾巳知23属,93种.罗氏蔓透翅蛾Cissuvora romanovi(Leech)为新组合和中国新记录,它与蔓透翅蛾属Cissuvora Engelhardt(1946)的另外2种成虫,可据雄性外生殖器特征检索鉴别.     

杜鹃花科植物在甘肃省的5个分布新记录种

报道了杜鹃花科植物在甘肃省的分布新记录种4种1亚种,即:三花杜鹃(Rhododendron triflorumHook.f.)、大叶金顶杜鹃(亚种)(Rhododendron faberiHemsl.subsp.prattii(Franch.)Chamb ex Cullen et Chamb.)、毛叶吊钟花(Enkianthus deflexus(Griff.)Schneid.)、四川白珠(Gaultheria cuneata(Rehd.et Wils.)Bean、南烛(Vacciniumbracteatum Thunb.);其中作为热带亚洲和热带美洲间断分布型属的白珠树属GaultheriaL.为甘肃省分布新记录属,对于揭示白龙江下游、白水江流域及南秦岭山地植物区系的热带亲缘及其与横断山脉地区植物区系的相似关系提供了新的佐证.