中国淡水硅藻新记录——冈瓦纳舟形藻

2021年在对福建省莆田市东圳水库进行藻类多样性调查过程中,发现了中国淡水硅藻的一个新记录种——冈瓦纳舟形藻(Navicula gondwana Lange-Bertalot)。该种在澳大利亚首次被报道,但原文提供的超微结构特征有限,亦未提供内壳面电镜图。使用光镜和扫描电镜对采集自福建的冈瓦纳舟形藻种群的形态特征,进行了详细观察及描述,并将其与模式种以及其他相似种的形态特征,进行了比较。结果表明：(1)壳面整体呈狭披针形,壳面末端钝圆锥形;(2)壳缝简单,直线状,近缝端略微膨大,稍偏向壳体一侧,远缝端延伸成强烈的弯钩状,两末端的壳缝弯向一侧,且与近缝端偏斜方向一致;(3)中轴区窄,线形,中央区相对较大,呈不规则圆形;(4)壳面横线纹由单列的短线形孔纹组成,在中部呈辐射状排列,两端聚束状排列,10μm内有11～14条。研究结果与冈瓦纳舟形藻模式产地种群的形态、线纹等特征吻合,该物种在中国是首次报道。     

风景名胜区中的道路景观设计探析

通过对风景区道路景观的调查以及对其现状的分析，提出在风景区道路景观设计中应该遵循的基本原则。     

我国部分造林树种的生态值

研究了17个树种的地理生态值、温度生态值、雨量生态值和干燥生态值。在此基础上、又研究了它们的综合生态值,并进行了聚类分析。结果表明,17个树种可分为7类:樟子松和南亚松是一类,其生态值最低,对环境要求最为严格。白榆是一类,生态值最高,其生态幅度宽,适应性广;胡杨、梭梭是一类,是一组生态幅度宽的旱生树种;其它树种生态值中等。     

信息过滤技术在搜索引擎中的应用

信息过滤技术将在信息服务中起重要作用。文章首先介绍了信息过滤的涵义、特征和分类，以及构建一个基于信息过滤技术的Web信息过滤模型。     

柚木(Tectona grandis)无性系繁育及造林技术

柚木为马鞭草科柚木属植物,是世界上最珍贵的用材树种之一。文章介绍了柚木的生物学特性、无性繁殖即组培技术要点以及造林技术,论述了柚木在我省的推广前景。     

保护地栽植矮甜李授粉方法选择试验

日光节能温室内种植的矮甜李选择授粉方法是获得高产的关键。通过人工点授、自然授粉、室内放蜂、液体授粉 4种方法的对比 ,总结出 4种授粉方法的坐果率为人工点授 (3 1 .0 7% ) >室内放蜂 (2 1 % ) >液体授粉 (9.5 3 % ) >自然授粉 (0 .1 6% ) ,从试验结果看出 ,保护地种植矮甜李必须进行辅助授粉 ,否则无产量。从经济、快捷、简便的角度出发 ,以室内放蜂为最佳授粉方法 ,放蜂量为 1 0 0 0头 /棚。     

Microbial biomass and activity in soil and litter underPinus sylvestris, Picea abies andBetula pendula at originally similar field afforestation sites

Microbial biomass C and N, and activities related to C and N cycles, were compared in needle and leaf litter, and in the uppermost 10 cm of soil under the litter layer in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands, planted on originally similar field afforestation sites 23–24 years ago. The ground vegetation was differentiated under different tree species, consisting of grasses and herbs under birch and pine, and mosses or no vegetation with a thick layer of needles under spruce. The C:N ratio of the soils was 13–21 and the soil pH_{CaCl 2} 3.8–5.2. Both showed little variation under different tree species. Microbial biomass C and N, C mineralization, net ammonification, reduction) did not differ significantly in soil under different tree species either. Birch leaf litter had a higher pH_{CaCl 2} (5.9) than spruce and pine needle litter (pH 5.0 and 4.8, respectively). The C:N ratio of spruce needles was 30, and was considerably higher in pine needles (69) and birch leaves (54). Birch leaves tended to have the highest microbial biomass C and C mineralization. Spruce needles appeared to have the highest microbial biomass N and net formation of mineral N, whereas formation of mineral N in pine needles and birch leaves was negligible. Microbial biomass C and N were of the same order of magnitude in the soil and litter samples but C mineralization was tenfold higher in the litter samples.     

Micro-scale heterogeneity in urban forest soils affects fine root foraging by ornamental seedlings of Buddhist pine and Northeast yew

Urban soils are frequently characterized by a strong heterogeneity caused by intense anthropogenic activity and land use changes. Soil heterogeneity is commonly known to affect tree root development, but little has been detected concerning root foraging by ornamental trees in heterogeneous urban soils at micro-scale. In this study, Buddhist pine [Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don] and Northeast yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) were selected as ornamental tree species for a two-year study. In the first-year, seedlings were cultured under contrasting photoperiods to generate different morphologies. In the second year, seedlings were transplanted to pots filled with soils collected from an urban forest. Controlled-release fertilizers (N-P₂O₅-K₂O, 14-13-13) were evenly broadcasted to a half patch of the pot (heterogeneity) or to both halves (homogeneity) on the surface 5 cm beneath the pot-top at the rate of 0.135 g N seedling⁻¹. In the fertilized heterogeneous patch, larger Buddhist pine seedlings had greater dry weight, length, surface area, volume, number of tips, and morphological foraging-precision in fine roots. Compared to Northeast yew seedlings under natural photoperiod in the first year, those under the extended photoperiod had larger size, greater fine root biomass, and length but lower foraging-precision in the second year. N and P concentrations in second-year fine roots mainly increased with the availability of patches generated by fertilization for both species. In conclusion, the ability to forage for nutrients by ornamental tree seedlings in heterogeneous urban forest soils was species-specific. Buddhist pine seedlings had higher foraging precision in heterogeneous urban soils than Northeast yew seedlings due to their response to the extended photoperiod during culture.     

片石砂土地区封山育林效益分析

片石砂土地区从１９８４年起至１９９４年止，共封山育林１．１０万ｈｍ＾２现已基本成林，原来绿化难度大的近０．６７万ｈｍ＾２荒山。成为多树种，多层次的立体结构混交林。封山育林成本低，效益好，对恢复植被，涵养水源、防治病虫害等都有较大的效果，它是解决农村能源紧缺问题的有效手段之一，并能减少地表径流，减轻水旱灾害，保障农业丰收。     

Characteristic site disturbance due to harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils

The effects of wood harvesting and extraction machinery traffic on sensitive forest sites with peat soils were characterised with the objective of quantifying the threshold levels beyond which significant site impacts (compaction and rutting) would occur. The treatments involved running the machines in selected extraction racks (i.e., 3 m wide machine routes) while conducting normal wood thinning and extraction operations comprising one and two passes by the harvester and the forwarder with full payload, respectively. Soil disturbance thresholds were established by testing the level of significance of the difference in induced soil damage and compaction before and after machine traffic treatments. For volumetric soil water content lying between 10.0 and 14.9%, threshold cone penetration resistance levels for two 600/55–30.5 tyres were found to range from 594 to 640 kPa for deep-raised peat soil with initial strength lying between 524 and 581 kPa. In general, the proportion of the total rut depth data in each rack that exceeded the threshold level of 21.5 cm was about 5%. The threshold value corresponds to sinkage equivalent to 15% of the overall wheel diameter of the harvester, above which machine mobility would be hampered considerably. In addition, after harvester traffic the mean rut depth per unit rack length was 10.2×10⁻² cm/m, and it ranged from 0.7 to 24.7×10⁻² cm/m.