简析屯留县丘陵沟壑区传统村落发展现状及未来

农村发展,关系民生并与整个国家的发展密切相关。以屯留县丘陵沟壑区庙儿沟村为例,通过实地调查,从现状、产生的负效应、成因分析等方面阐述了传统村落的发展现状,并对村落的未来发展提出几点思考和建议。     

碰撞变量对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律研究

为了深入研究汽车碰撞严重程度与碰撞变量的关系，在进行了基本物理量对汽车碰撞剧烈程度影响分析的基础上，选择碰撞车辆作用质量、碰撞车总车速和碰撞车总动量为碰撞变量，应用数学方法，研究了它们对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律，可为汽车碰撞事故的分析提供可借鉴的经验．     

云栖竹径公园空气负离子生态效益评价

以杭州市云栖竹径公园典型植物群落毛竹纯林、常绿阔叶林及毛竹、枫香混交林为研究对象,研究3种不同植物群落空气负离子变化及其与气象因子之间的关系。研究结果表明,不同植物群落空气负离子浓度大小排序为毛竹林>毛竹+枫香混交林>常绿阔叶林,毛竹纯林具有更加强的环境气候调节效应,在改善城市气候方面发挥着重要的作用。     

暖冬对漯河小麦生产的影响

本文利用漯河市召陵区姬石镇区域站大田物联网冬季温度、湿度、积温等的气象数据,分析了漯河麦区冬季变暖气象条件下对小麦播种时期、播种量、群体发育,个体发育、产量三要素、病虫害发生及危害的影响,提出了应对暖冬的栽培管理技术措施。     

境外网络游戏的软权力作用分析

境外网络游戏是软权力在文化领域的重要载体之一,正日益凸显其重要地位,大多是通过网络游戏的内容和背景展现出来,意在增加本国经济效益的同时,以达到能够吸引不同国家和地区的更多玩家,灌输和宣传本国的思想和文化,使之成为配合其各国软权力战略实施的双重作用。面对这种新的文化渗透模式,研究如何应对境外网络游戏的隐性影响,是目前研究的主要课题。     

Developmental temperature stress and parental identity shape offspring burst swimming performance in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Abstract – The persistent effects of embryonic temperature stress and individual parentage on fry swimming performance were examined in a cross‐fertilisation experiment using sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A fixed‐velocity test of burst swimming was used to assess the endurance capacity and behavioural performance of individual fry from 10 offspring families incubated at 12, 14 or 16 °C to hatch and then reared through yolk absorption and exogenous feeding stages in a common posthatch environment (average 6.9 °C). Fry burst swim time (BST) was influenced by an interaction between incubation temperature and family identity. Average BST was longer for fry from the 12 °C prehatch treatment compared to 14 and 16 °C, although differences were largely attributable to temperature effects on average fry size. Behavioural observations revealed that fish incubated at 16 °C performed more poorly, having a larger proportion of individuals that required stimulation to swim, fatigued more frequently or were classified as ‘nonswimmers’. Within all three incubation temperature treatments, mean BST varied significantly among offspring families, independent of fry mass and length. An interesting relationship was observed within the 16 °C treatment, whereby families with higher survivorship were characterised with lower mean BSTs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that exposure to high temperatures in early sockeye salmon development can result in persistent, parentally mediated effects on fry performance. As such, these results provide important insight into how elevated temperature events during egg incubation may affect early life history selection processes and survival in stages beyond when the stressor is experienced.     

东阳义乌水权交易的第三方效应及对策研究

运用系统分析方法、比较分析方法和典型案例法,结合东阳义乌地区水权交易的经典案例,着重阐释了水权交易过程中产生的第三方正效应和第三方负效应,提出对水权交易第三方正效应进行多样化补偿和对第三方负效应采取预防、保障、补偿三结合的治理措施,以解决水权交易过程中的公平和效率问题。     

Systemic View on Heading and Overwintering: Are They Always Opposed?

The study investigated the cultivars of non‐obligatorily requiring vernalization plant Festulolium braunii and assessed the influence of non‐hardy reproductive and hardy vegetative structures on overwintering effect. The study was conducted taking into account systemic relations between these types of structures. The results show the cultivars differ according to the percentage of headed and overwintered plants, when the cultivars with the most abundant heading – ‘Felopa’ and ‘Sulino’ – are also better at overwintering. The positive correlation between heading and overwintering characteristics was also observed, what seemed to be a rather new finding. It can be explained by systemic effect: non‐hardy later reproductive structures induce the post‐generative regrowth of vegetative shoots, which during shorter days halt development and become potentially hardy. More detailed interpretation is also provided including discussion of causal mechanisms of the detected phenomenon. The authors suppose that these mechanisms constitute a survival strategy for such perennial plants. The observed late heading which represents reproductive structures could be applied in plant breeding as a marker of winter‐hardiness among perennial grass plants which non‐obligatorily demand vernalization.     

A multicenter, matched case-control study of risk factors for equine laminitis

Risk factors for equine laminitis were examined in a prospective case-control study of the 258 cases seen at six collaborating veterinary teaching hospitals over a 32-month period. Case-control pairs were matched on institution, clinician, and season of diagnosis. The 90% of case-control pairs (78 acute, 155 chronic) that had complete data for age, gender, and breed were used in separate conditional logistic-regression models for acute and chronic laminitis. There was an increase in risk for horses with acute laminitis from 5 to 7 years of age (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3–16) and from 13 to 31 years of age (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3–12) (both compared to <5 years); risk was increased for chronic laminitis from 10 to 14 years (OR 3, 95% CI 1.4–6.8) and from 15 to 38 years (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–6.1) (both compared to <6 years). Mares — but not stallions — were more likely than geldings to develop acute laminitis (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.2) and chronic laminitis (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.6). In the small acute-laminitis data set, the breed variable was collapsed into three categories: Thoroughbred (THB, reference), the Quarter Horse (QH), and other (non-QH-THB). The non-QH-THB group was at increased risk of acute laminitis (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2–11.8). For the seven breed-group categories used in the chronic-laminitis model, however, all non-THB breed groups appeared significantly at risk as compared to the THB, with odds ratios ranging from 3.3 (95% CI 1.3–8.30) for the QH to 9.1 (95% CI 2.1–39.3) for ponies.     

Cross-resistance and inheritance of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac in diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L) from lowland Malaysia

A field population of Plutella xylostella from Malaysia (SERD4) was divided into five sub-populations and four were selected (G2-G5) with the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal (Cry) toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da. Bioassay at G6 gave resistance ratios of 88, 5, 2 and 3 for Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da respectively compared with the unselected sub-population (UNSEL-SERD4). The Cry1Ac-selected population showed little cross-resistance to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ca and Cry1Da, (3-, 2- and 3-fold compared with UNSEL-SERD4), whereas the Cry1Ab-SEL sub-population showed marked cross-resistance to Cry1Ac (40-fold), much greater than Cry1Ab itself. In contrast, the Cry1Ca- and Cry1Da-SEL sub-population showed little if any cross-resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab. The mode of inheritance of resistance to Cry1Ac was examined in Cry1Ac-selected SERD4 by standard reciprocal crosses and back-crosses using a laboratory insecticide-susceptible population (ROTH). Logit regression analysis of F1 reciprocal crosses indicated that resistance to Cry1Ac was inherited as an incompletely dominant trait. At the highest dose of Cry1Ac tested, resistance was recessive, while at the lowest dose it was almost completely dominant. The F2 progeny from a back-cross of F1 progeny with ROTH were tested with a concentration of Cry1Ac that would kill 100% of ROTH. The mortality ranged between 50 and 95% in seven families of back-cross progeny, which indicated that more than one allele on separate loci were responsible for resistance to Cry1Ac.