松针原花青素对小鼠血清中SOD活性、MDA含量及脏器指数的影响

[目的]探讨针原花青素在小鼠血清中的抗氧化作用,为进一步开发和利用松针原花青素提供可靠的试验依据。[方法]采用松针原花青素对小鼠进行灌胃,比较不同浓度的原花青素对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及脏器指数的影响。[结果]与空白对照组比较,试验组血清中的SOD活性明显上升（P〈0.05）,MDA含量明显下降（P〈0.05）,脏器指数没有明显变化。[结论]松针原花青素具有一定的抗氧化能力。     

Dothistroma spp. in Western Ukraine and Georgia

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is among the most serious foliar diseases affecting Pinus spp. globally. Infected needles were collected from potential host species in four locations in western Ukraine and in four locations in eastern Georgia during spring–summer 2015 to update the knowledge on pathogen distribution in these countries. Dothistroma spp. were detected using isolation, sequencing and species‐specific priming (SSPP) PCR. Two new hosts for Dothistroma spp. were recorded in western Ukraine: D. septosporum on Pinus nigra var. australica and D. pini on P. nigra var. mollet. D. septosporum was found on 15‐year‐old P. strobus in western Ukraine. New hosts for D. septosporum were recorded in Georgia on 5‐ to 10‐year‐old naturally regenerated P. sylvestris var. hamata and on 40‐ to 50‐year‐old P. ponderosa trees. D. pini was found for the first time in Georgia on 30‐ to 40‐year‐old P. nigra trees. The work confirmed the presence of both D. septosporum and D. pini in western Ukraine and Georgia, and demonstrated new hosts for both Dothistroma species.     

不同营林措施对马尾松针叶养分的影响

对设置在贵州龙里、台江以及广西热带林业实验中心的不同施肥、不同密度、不同抚育措施、不同整地方式和不同种源马尾松人工林试验样地内针叶样品的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃa、Ｍg含量进行分析研究，结果表明，除广西施肥５年后，不同处理间针叶Ｎ、Ｍg两元素含量具有极显著差异外，其余措施对马尾松针叶养分含量的影响均未达到显著差异水平。因此，施肥具有调节马尾松针叶养分含量的作用；而不同造林密度林地内马尾松个体吸收养分的能力相同，则高密度易造成地力的快速衰退，对长期高密度造林的林地，应加以施肥，以维护土壤的持续利用；抚育措施并不影响林木养分的吸收；整地也未对马尾松吸收养分有多大影响；不同种源吸收养分的特点差异不大，因而优良种源加速林地地力的衰退。     

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素-胡萝卜素软膏不皂化物质化学组成的研究

雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中不皂化物质主要由倍半萜类、二萜类、三萜类、甾类化合物、脂肪族醇和生育酚等化合物组成。分析鉴定表明：雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏中含不皂化物质约32．0％（占软膏量），其中主要成分为云氢枞醇（10．24％）、绿叶醇（8．64％）、愈创木醇（6．89％）、β-谷甾醇（6．26％）和菜油甾醇（5．98％）等。分离共鉴定出37个化合物，占不皂化物质总量的93．26％。研究发现，雪岭云杉针叶叶绿素－胡萝卜素软膏的不皂化物质中含有较多的β－谷甾醇和菜油甾醇。     

Selection of feeding trees by capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in winter

Selection of winter feeding trees by capercaillie Tetrao urogallus was studied by sampling of needles of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris trees browsed by capercaillie and closely situated unbrowsed trees in 5 localities situated in the southern half of Norway. Browsed trees contained higher concentrations of N than unbrowsed trees but no differences in P were found among browsed and unbrowsed samples. Needles eaten by capercaillie were significantly lower in resin content than needles from unbrowsed trees. For tannin, no differences between browsed and unbrowsed trees were found. Results give evidence that capercaillie select needles richest in N when the resin content is low, but when high, the birds select needles low in resin. Thus, both N and resin play an important role in selection of winter browse by capercaillie.     

松针蜂蜜啤酒的研制

以蜂蜜、松针、马铃薯、酒花和水为原料研制了新型保健啤酒,结果表明：以20％的马铃薯、1％的松针、17％的蜂蜜制成的料液,经发酵制成的啤酒感观指标和理化指标优于国家标准。     

马尾松叶提取物的抗菌活性

采用滤纸片法,检测不同质量浓度马尾松Pinus massoniana叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus,大肠杆菌Escherichia coli,枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,八叠球菌Sarcina ventriculi,木霉Trichoderma viride,青霉Penicillium chrysogenum和黑曲霉Aspergillus niger等的抑制效果。结果表明,马尾松叶的水、丙酮、乙醇溶液提取物对细菌的抑菌圈直径随着提取物质量浓度的增大,对各种菌的抑菌效果越好,马尾松叶乙醇提取物质量浓度为100.0 g.L-1时,大肠杆菌抑菌圈直径为25.6 mm;对3种霉菌的抑菌效果与质量浓度的大小不成正比;3种提取物中以乙醇提取物的抑菌效果最好,而水提物的抑菌效果较差。     

3种松树同束针叶的变异性研究

油松、白皮松和华山松同束针叶长度差异均不超过1mm,而同柬针叶的鲜重差异相对较大,可达10％以上。但最长针叶的鲜重不一定最大。同柬针叶的变异性与针叶的叶龄、相对位置无关,说明针叶变异性是从发育早期就出现了,且同束针叶的差异也不是针叶生长微环境差异造成的。由此推测,同束针叶的差异具有随机性。     

施肥对云南松生长及其器官和土壤养分的影响

为探究配方施肥对云南松松针养分含量和土壤理化性质的影响,为云南松幼林抚育提供科学依据,以8年生云南松为试材,采用U*₁₅(15⁷)均匀设计开展复合肥、氮肥、磷肥、镁肥和硼肥配施的试验。处理组合的针叶长、烘干含水率、针叶全氮、全磷和全钾分别为23.90~27.34 cm、55.47%~60.88%、0.17%~0.57%、0.13%~0.33%和0.17%~0.82%,对照的则为24.14 cm、60.75%、0.35%、0.17%和0.29%。其中,全磷和全钾具有显著的差异。处理组合的土壤pH、烘干含水率、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和胸径增长率分别为4.08~4.69、17.27%~34.59%、22.77~41.91、7.70~11.80、66.44~174.67 mg/kg和23.5%~50.3%,对照的则为4.42、17.27%、23.70、8.23、81.11 mg/kg和22.4%,处理组合间速效磷、速效钾和胸径增长率具有极显著的差异。土壤理化性质与因素具有复杂的相关性,硼肥与胸径增长率呈现显著的正相关;配施复合肥1.6 kg/3 cm、氮肥0.10 kg/3 cm、磷肥0.2 kg/3 cm,镁肥7.5 g/3 cm和硼肥1.5 g/3 cm可改善土壤理化性质,促进云南松幼树胸径生长。