不同营林措施对马尾松针叶养分的影响

对设置在贵州龙里、台江以及广西热带林业实验中心的不同施肥、不同密度、不同抚育措施、不同整地方式和不同种源马尾松人工林试验样地内针叶样品的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃa、Ｍg含量进行分析研究，结果表明，除广西施肥５年后，不同处理间针叶Ｎ、Ｍg两元素含量具有极显著差异外，其余措施对马尾松针叶养分含量的影响均未达到显著差异水平。因此，施肥具有调节马尾松针叶养分含量的作用；而不同造林密度林地内马尾松个体吸收养分的能力相同，则高密度易造成地力的快速衰退，对长期高密度造林的林地，应加以施肥，以维护土壤的持续利用；抚育措施并不影响林木养分的吸收；整地也未对马尾松吸收养分有多大影响；不同种源吸收养分的特点差异不大，因而优良种源加速林地地力的衰退。     

Selection of feeding trees by capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in winter

Selection of winter feeding trees by capercaillie Tetrao urogallus was studied by sampling of needles of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris trees browsed by capercaillie and closely situated unbrowsed trees in 5 localities situated in the southern half of Norway. Browsed trees contained higher concentrations of N than unbrowsed trees but no differences in P were found among browsed and unbrowsed samples. Needles eaten by capercaillie were significantly lower in resin content than needles from unbrowsed trees. For tannin, no differences between browsed and unbrowsed trees were found. Results give evidence that capercaillie select needles richest in N when the resin content is low, but when high, the birds select needles low in resin. Thus, both N and resin play an important role in selection of winter browse by capercaillie.     

An experiment to measure the dose-response relationship of ovulation rate to FSH in cows selected with a history of twinning

Fifteen mature cows and 12 two-year-old heifers were superovulated with purified follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) to study the relationship between FSH-P dose level and response (measured as number of palpated corpora lutea (CL) and plasma progesterone concentration). The cattle came from a high prolificacy breeding herd for which cows were originally purchased after producing at least two sets of twins; the heifers were bred in the herd. At dose levels of 8, 16, 24 and 28 mg FSH-P in cows, averages respectively of 2.3, 3.5, 6.9 and 11.1 palpable CLs were found. There was an average difference in response of two CLs between heifers and cows (higher in heifers, though not significantly so). The relationship found between progesterone concentration and CL number could be a useful indicator of superovulation success in future experiments. The regression for cows was 1.25±0.11 ng/ml progesterone per unit increase in CL number, with a correlation of 0.92 between the two variables over the CL range 1 to 25. The corresponding value for heifers was 2.74±0.24 ng/ml per CL (correlation 0.94), or 2.50±0.40 ng/ml per CL (correlation 0.83) if one record (29 CL, 84 ng progesterone/ml) was excluded.     

松针有效成分提取技术的研究进展

综述了松针主要化学成分的类别、成分分析以及提取技术。介绍了松针中所含挥发油、木脂素、维生素、色素、蛋白质等主要成分的功效,综合分析了目前对松针主要成分的分析和提取的办法。     

5种松树针叶解剖结构的数量分析

巴山松的分类地位迄今仍未明确,为了揭示巴山松与其近缘种的亲缘关系,运用统计学方法,对巴山松、油松、马尾松、黄山松、云南松5种亲缘关系相近松树的14个居群200多个个体的20项针叶解剖结构特征进行筛选、测量和分析。结果表明,这5种松树具有较高的多样性水平;巴山松和油松虽具有相似的结构特征和较近的亲缘关系,但运用数量分析法对群体间特定解剖特征量进行分析仍可以将二者区分开来,因此研究结果更支持巴山松为独立分类单元。研究还发现,树脂道在松属植物分类中具有重要意义,并摸索出一套适合松属植物解剖结构研究的数量分析法。     

松针叶绿素铜钠的研制和应用

从皂化的松针软膏制备松针叶绿索铜钠的最适工艺:叶绿酸钠澄清用水量为松针软膏重量的5倍;叶绿酸钠沉淀时,20％浓度硫酸铜溶掖用量为松针软膏重量的10—11％。按本工艺操作,叶绿素铜钠得率为松针软膏重的20—24％。 松针叶绿素铜钠是一种糊状产品,外观为兰绿色,经分析测定,产品中含有固体物质50—60％,pH10—11,叶绿素含量7000—8000毫克/公斤,吸光比2.30—3.48。应用试验表明,该产品可作化妆品中生物活性成分。     

松针原花青素对小鼠血清中SOD活性、MDA含量及脏器指数的影响

[目的]探讨针原花青素在小鼠血清中的抗氧化作用,为进一步开发和利用松针原花青素提供可靠的试验依据。[方法]采用松针原花青素对小鼠进行灌胃,比较不同浓度的原花青素对小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量及脏器指数的影响。[结果]与空白对照组比较,试验组血清中的SOD活性明显上升（P〈0.05）,MDA含量明显下降（P〈0.05）,脏器指数没有明显变化。[结论]松针原花青素具有一定的抗氧化能力。     

云南松松针的挥发性化学成分

云南松(Pinus yunnanensis),常绿针叶乔木.分布于四川西南部、云南、西藏东南部、广西西部、贵州西部,海拔多为600～2100 m的广大地区,常形成大面积纯林或与其他树种组成混交林.近年来,云南松林的保护已经成为森林资源经营管理及其可持续发展的重要任务之一.云南松这一树种也不可避免地遭到了不同昆虫的取食与危害,其中钻蛀性害虫云南木蠹象(Pissodes yunnanensis)对我国西南地区云南、贵州、四川等地云南松林区的危害面积和分布区域逐年扩大,有加速为害的趋势.     

松针提取物对导致苹果腐败的细菌的抑制作用研究

[目的]研究从松针中提取的蹂质物质对苹果滋生的细菌的抑菌作用。[方法]分别利用水提取法和醇提取法提取出松针中的抑菌物质,并研究其对苹果中腐败细菌的抑菌性。[结果]试验表明,松针乙醇提取物与水提取物对苹果中革兰氏阴性杆菌和革兰氏阳性球菌均有抑菌效果,而且乙醇提取物对苹果中革兰氏阴性杆菌和革兰氏阳性球菌的抑菌作用要强于水提取物。[结论]研究可为苹果的防腐保鲜提供技术参数依据。