法桐草履蚧的发生规律及防治研究

草履蚧是法桐的重要害虫.在石家庄地区1 a发生1代,以卵在寄主附近的泥土中越冬,每年2月上旬至3月中旬孵化为1龄若虫,3月下旬至4月上旬蜕皮为2龄,4月下旬雄虫羽化和雌虫交配后死亡.雌虫5月下旬由树干爬到树根附近疏松的泥土中产卵,度夏越冬至翌年2、3月份孵化,依其发生规律在防治上主要抓住若虫期、末期,分别用50%辛硫磷500×10-6(体积分数)和25%溴氰菊酯10×10-6(体积分数)和50%乐果喷雾及灌根.防效在95%以上.抑制天敌有红环瓢虫,蚜茧蜂等.     

黟县金钱松天然林的调查研究

对分布于安徽省黟县泗溪乡较大面积的金钱松天然林进行了调查研究,结果表明,金钱松天然分布区条件优越,地理区系成分复杂。分布格局呈群聚型,林分结构层次分明。前期生长缓慢,以后逐渐加快并有较长的旺盛生长期。天然更新较差。     

湖北省马尾松天然林同工酶遗传变异的研究

采用丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳法,对天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、丙氨酸氨酸酶（ＡＡＰ）、亮氨酸氨酸酶（ＬＡＰ）、６－磷酸葡萄糖酶（６０ＧＤ）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（ＰＧＭ）、莽草酸脱氢酶（ＳＨＤＨ）等 ６种同工酶系统的 １２个基因位点进行了研究和分析,共发现 ３６个复等位基因。结果还表明,马尾松天然群体具有较为丰富的遗传变异性,其多态位点百分率（ＰＬ）为５６％,平均杂合率（Ｈｅ）为０．２８５,等位基因平均数（Ｎａ）为２．２９;有效等位基因平均数（Ｎｅ）为１．４２;马尾松天然群体间的变异量只占总变异量的８．８％左右,而约９１％以上的变异只存在于单个的小群体内的单株间;湖北省马尾松天然群体内存在较为严重的近亲交配现象,近交系数（Ｆｉｓ）平均为 ０．２０２。     

Spatial structure of genetic variation within populations of forest trees

The spatial pattern and structure of genetic variation are important aspects of the population genetics of forest stands. Combined with limits to seed and pollen dispersal, spatial structure affects the level of inbreeding and the action of natural selection. The genetic constitution of stand regeneration, following different forestry practices, is also influenced by spatial structure. For example, natural regeneration with seed trees involves sampling seed trees from a stand that may be genetically nonhomogeneous. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical results on spatial patterns of genetic variation, produced under limited gene flow and selection, in terms of recently developed spatial statistics (e.g., spatial autocorrelation). Genetic correlations in samples from spatially structured populations are also described, as well as how spatial samples can be used to characterize the structure of genetic variation, and how inferences can be made about (spatially distributed) components of fitness and yield.     

A commentary on current approaches to forest population genetics

Some of the most frequently chosen approaches to forest population genetics as reflected in the present volume are discussed, and some topics possibly deserving more attention are addressed. Among the first are studies of self-fertilization as a characteristic of forest tree mating systems, gene markers as indicators of adaptive or phylogenetic differentiation, and methodological aspects of the measurement of genetic differentiation. The latter mainly concern generalizable methods of analysis and the involvement of gene markers in the determination of mating systems, detection of mechanisms of frequency dependent selection, and the incorporation of genetic profiles (characteristics of frequency distributions of genetic types) into population genetic analysis.     

The dynamic mating systems of conifers

Conifer mating systems vary among species and within species; both ecological variables and genetic variation cause mating systems to be dynamic. Within species, estimates of rates of outcrossing vary among populations, among loci, and among individuals within stands. The level of outcrossing varies with stand density, age, and the abundance of local and foreign pollen. Variation in the mating success of both males and females violates the assumption that populations are randomly mating and at equilibrium, and justifies more quantitative analyses of mating systems. Allelic frequencies in the pollen pool and in the pool of receptive female surfaces may vary through a season and among seasons, producing positively assortative mating in time. Seed and seedling viability selects against homozygotes for lethal alleles and favors heterozygous genotypes, biasing estimates of outcrossing. Particularly fruitful topics of research include the genetic consequences of polyembryony, differential male and female mating success, and associations between specific genotypes and floral phenology.     

制度变迁理论在天然林保护工程中的运用

天然林保护工程是在政府推动下实施的 ,属于强制性制度变迁。本文分析了这项制度变迁所遇到的阻力 ,为了使大然林保护工程能够顺利实施 ,笔者提出了减少阻力的对策     

Intratree Variability of Cleavage Resistance of Chinese Fir from Plantation

INTRODUCTION Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is a very important timber species in the southern China (Shi Jisen et al. 1987). It is good, fast-growing, and exempts from serious plant diseases. Its plantation is big in terms of size in the South of China and its storage stock is very rich, which is about 20% of the national commodity wood (Zhou Shuangquan et al. 2000). And the lumber becomes mainly commercial construction materials in China because of straight grain, light and so…     

帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳储量研究

运用森林生态学典型样地法设立标准地并获取野外数据,采用重铬酸钾-硫酸氧化湿烧法测定植物、土壤中的碳。通过对帽儿山林场4类天然次生林碳素密度及储量的比较研究,结果表明:1)天然次生林主要树种不同器官中碳素密度变化范围在0.331 6~0.501 4 gc/g之间,枯立木、林下植被、枯枝落叶和半分解的有机残体(A00层)各层的碳素密度差异不大,土壤各层的碳素密度的排列顺序为腐殖质(A0层)>表土层(A层)>亚表土层(B层)。2)硬阔叶林生态系统总的碳储量为261.31 tc/hm2,山杨林生态系统总的碳储量为195.20 tc/hm2,蒙古栎林生态系统总的碳储量为196.41 tc/hm2,白桦林生态系统总的碳储量为143.18tc/hm2。3)天然次生林年平均净碳固定量为4.647tc/hm2.a。