Impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the Yukon boreal forest

Long‐term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. We have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3–5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. This community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996, but this increased to 38% from 2003 to 2014. Small mammals, although small in size, are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and decomposers. Four species form the bulk of the biomass. There was a shift in the dominant species from the 1970s to the 2000s, with Myodes rutilus increasing in relative abundance by 22% and Peromyscus maniculatus decreasing by 22%. From 2007 to 2018, Myodes comprised 63% of the catch, Peromyscus 20%, and Microtus species 17%. Possible causes of these changes involve climate change, which is increasing primary production in this boreal forest, and an associated increase in the abundance of 3 rodent predators, marten (Martes americana), ermine (Mustela ermine) and coyotes (Canis latrans). Following and understanding these and potential future changes will require long‐term monitoring studies on a large scale to measure metapopulation dynamics. The small mammal community in northern Canada is being affected by climate change and cannot remain stable. Changes will be critically dependent on food–web interactions that are species‐specific.     

Dietary inclusion of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp increases the antioxidant potential of quail eggs

The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary supplementation of different levels of dehydrated bocaiuva pulp (DBP) on the productive performance of laying quails, and on lipid oxidation, and quality in their eggs. A total of 120 quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of DBP), five replicates and four birds per experimental unit. To evaluate lipid oxidation, the eggs were collected on five consecutive days at the end of the trial and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design in a 6 × 5 factorial scheme (eggs from quails fed different levels of DBP × evaluated fresh and after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The antioxidant potential of diets was improved (p < 0.05) when the DBP was added estimated as 2,2'‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacity. No effect (p > 0.05) was observed on feed intake, hen‐day egg production and feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz). There were no changes (p > 0.05) in the egg weight, Haugh unit, yolk index or eggshell percentage. Although no difference was observed (p > 0.05), when comparing each level with the control, a negative linear effect (p < 0.05) on specific gravity was observed. In addition, only the treatment with 0.5% pulp exhibited lower (p < 0.05) eggshell thickness compared with the control (0%). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) analysis showed that as the dietary pulp level was increased, malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (p < 0.05) in the egg yolks, regardless of the storage period. Inclusion of DBP in the diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the concentration of conjugated dienes in the eggs. The diets containing DBP showed a potential antioxidant effect, reducing the degree of lipid oxidation in egg yolk. However, no beneficial effects were observed on performance and egg quality.     

2种方法在荒漠草原植物种群分布格局中的适用性比较

研究首次比较了2种方法在测定荒漠草原6种植物种群分布格局中的适用性.结果表明,方差均值比率法及聚集强度指数法中的多个指数都适合于这6种植物分布格局的计算.但其中的聚块性指数法的运算难度较大,宜慎用.比较结果这6种植物种群皆为聚集分布,但聚集程度有所差别.     

An insight into population structure and gene flow within pure‐bred cats

Investigation of genetic structure on the basis of pedigree information requires indicators adapted to the specific context of the populations studied. On the basis of pedigree‐based estimates of diversity, we analysed genetic diversity, mating practices and gene flow among eight cat populations raised in France, five of them being single breeds and three consisting of breed groups with varieties that may interbreed. When computed on the basis of coancestry rate, effective population sizes ranged from 127 to 1406, while the contribution of founders from other breeds ranged from 0.7 to 16.4%. In the five breeds, F_IS ranged between 0.96 and 1.83%, with this result being related to mating practices such as close inbreeding (on average 5% of individuals being inbred within two generations). Within the three groups of varieties studied, F_IT ranged from 1.59 to 3%, while values were estimated between 0.04 and 0.91%, which was linked to various amounts of gene exchanges between subpopulations at the parental level. The results indicate that cat breeds constitute populations submitted to low selection intensity, contrasting with relatively high individual inbreeding level caused by close inbreeding practices.     

蛋鸡中发现J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症自然混合感染

发病蛋鸡经组织学、免疫组化检测确诊为J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症混合感染。与人工接种病例不同的是，在肿瘤组织内还发现一种特殊的细胞——淋巴-巨噬细胞；在骨髓和肿瘤组织中检测到部分髓细胞胞浆内有ALV—J抗原表达。从发病情况、各器官病变程度及免疫组化结果来看，2种病原存在明显的相互协同作用，脾可能是网状内皮增生症的原发器官。但其发病的时间可能不如J亚群白血病早。此次在蛋种鸡发现此混合感染提示，病毒在环境选择压及免疫选择压的作用下，其生物特性、致病作用以及宿主范围均可发生改变。应警惕J亚群白血病和网状内皮增生症混合感染在蛋鸡中的大面积暴发。     

结缕草耐盐分离群体的构建

为进一步研究结缕草属(Zoysia Willd.)植物的耐盐性遗传机制,通过结缕草耐盐亲本Z105(Z.japonica)和敏盐亲本Z061(Z.japonica)进行人工杂交,以构建结缕草的耐盐分离群体.首先通过SRAP(Sequence-relatedamplified polymorphism)分子标记技术对所获得的F1群体杂种真实性进行鉴定,在此基础上,通过水培法对F1群体的耐盐性进行鉴定.结果表明:F1群体164个后代中132个后代为真杂种,这些后代的耐盐性表现出连续性的遗传变异,存在明显的分离现象,成功地构建了结缕草的耐盐性分离群体.这为结缕草耐盐性的遗传分析、遗传图谱的构建和耐盐     

辽东半岛结缕草无性系种群构件生物量相关模型及形成规律

按生物构件的理论,分析了辽东半岛结缕草无性系种群叶片、叶鞘、分株、匍匐茎各构件生物量以及总生物量间的相关模型和构件生物量的分配、形成规律,探讨了其不同生物量基于种群大小(密度)的形成规律。结果表明,辽东半岛结缕草无性系种群的总生物量及各构件生物量均随着种群密度的增大而以线性函数增加,各构件生物量与总生物量以及各构件生物量间亦均以线性函数增加,生物量增加比率均表现为:分株>匍匐茎,叶鞘>叶片,总生物量增量的27.2%分配给叶片,29.2%分配给叶鞘,43.6%分配给匍匐茎,叶片,叶鞘和匍匐茎构件生物量的积累是按1∶1.1∶1.6比例形成。     

金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系选育报告

用黑羽黑皮的江汉鸡对白羽丝毛乌骨鸡先导入杂交后闭锁群继代选育,培育出金水乌鸡黑羽丝毛系.黑羽丝毛系90日龄体重1kg以上,料肉比3.36:1.     

毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内代谢酶的影响

为了解毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内代谢酶的影响,采用不同浓度的毒死蜱对桔小实蝇敏感种群进行连续处理,测定其体内的羧酸酯酶（CarE）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）的活性。结果表明：随着毒死蜱浓度的增加,桔小实蝇的敏感性出现逐渐下降的趋势,体内的CarE活性得到显著提升（F=43.21,p=0.024）,抗性倍数为1.74,GSTs活性也显著上升（F=47.73,p=0.018）,抗性倍数为1.98,但对CAT、POD的提升作用较小,表明毒死蜱对桔小实蝇体内的CarE、GSTs活力具有一定的诱导作用。