西部某山体滑坡机理及应急治理措施

分析了西部某县城山体滑坡的成因,针对该成因进行治理为例,介绍应急处理的成功经验,供相似工程的山体滑坡治理参考。     

HPLC法测定天然植物粗提物中芍药苷含量

建立高效液相色谱法检测天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定方法。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(14:86)为流动相,检测波长230nm,流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃;进样量：10μL。结果显示,芍药苷的线性方程为Y=10.6017X－14.8514,(r=0.99966,n=6),本方法的回收率为100.4~102.1%,RSD均小于2.0%。结果表明,本方法准确,可靠,适用于天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定。     

基于CFD的Venlo温室夏季组合降温措施模拟研究

针对我国南方地区夏季高温高湿的气候条件,对采用天窗、外遮阳、内喷雾降温措施的试验Venlo温室内温度状况进行了模拟研究。以室外气候参数为边界条件,考虑作物和环境的相互作用,内喷雾系统和室内环境的质热交换以源项的形式加入到控制方程中,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)中的稳态方法求解控制方程,模拟Venlo型温室不同调控措施及组合下的温室内温度分布特点,分析各种调控措施的调控效果。模拟结果表明:采用加入源项的方法模拟内喷雾系统和室内空气的质热交换,其模拟值和实测值均方根误差RMSB为0.514 4℃,最大绝对误差为0.75℃,平均相对误差为1.3%,说明所建立的CFD模型有效。3种降温措施下,以外遮阳+自然通风的降温贡献率最大(80.6%),能耗最高的喷雾系统降温贡献率仅为34.8%,较高的环境湿度影响了喷雾系统的降温效率。CFD夏季降温模型的建立为温室作物系统的环境控制策略的制定提供了科学依据。     

应用压力早期恢复资料确定低渗地层压力

低渗透油藏的压力恢复曲线,不能用Horner外推压力求取地层压力。基于Horner方程的等轴双曲线形式,提出了应用压力早期恢复资料确定低渗地层压力的新方法。通过油井实际资料计算验证,用该方法计算的地层压力准确可靠,较好地解决了低渗透油藏求地层压力的问题。     

覆盖方式对旱地小麦花后旗叶抗氧化生理及粒重形成的影响

于2017—2018年和2018—2019年,在西北中部旱作雨养农业区以冬小麦‘康庄974’为试验材料,设秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共3个栽培处理,分析不同覆盖方式对小麦灌浆期土壤水分和温度及抗氧化能力的影响,探讨花后干物质积累量和粒重形成的关系。结果表明,随生育期推进,花后旗叶相对含水量(RWC)逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,且PM较SM降、升幅度明显。与CK相比,覆盖显著提高花后旗叶抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量;开花时间越长,SM抗氧化酶活性升高的幅度越大,而PM主要提高花后7 d旗叶抗氧化能力。SM和PM的粒重分别较CK增加14.3%和19.1%(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,土壤水分(SW)是影响旗叶生理活性的关键因子,提高SW,有利于增加RWC(r=0.84^**),从而提高旗叶抗氧化能力,其中RWC和抗坏血酸酶(ASA)活性呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.82^**);ASA活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.94^**),和MDA含量呈极显著负相...     

Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing KLH binding natural antibodies and specific antibody response to Newcastle disease in Kenyan chicken populations

This study aimed at investigating the influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on immune traits to inform on possibilities of genetic improvement of disease resistance traits in local chicken of Kenya. Immune traits such as natural and specific antibodies are considered suitable indicators of an individual's health status and consequently, used as indicator traits of disease resistance. In this study, natural antibodies binding to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH-NAbs) was used to measure general disease resistance. Specific antibodies binding to Newcastle disease virus (NDV-IgG) post vaccination was used to measure specific disease resistance. Titers of KLH-NAbs isotypes (KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG and KLH-IgA) and NDV-IgG were measured in 1,540 chickens of different ages ranging from 12 to 56 weeks. A general linear model was fitted to determine the effect of sex, generation, population type, phylogenetic cluster, line, genotype and age on the antibody traits. A multivariate animal mixed model was fitted to estimate heritability and genetic correlations among the antibody traits. The model constituted of non-genetic factors found to have a significant influence on the antibody traits as fixed effects, and animal and residual effects as random variables. Overall mean (±SE) concentration levels for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 10.33 ± 0.04, 9.08 ± 0.02, 6.00 ± 0.02 and 10.12 ± 0.03, respectively. Sex, generation and age (linear covariate) significantly (p < 0.05) influenced variation across all the antibody traits. Genotype effects (p < 0.05) were present in all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Interaction between generation and line was significant (p < 0.05) in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG while nesting phylogenetic cluster within population significantly (p < 0.05) influenced all antibody traits, apart from KLH-IgA. Heritability estimates for KLH-IgM, KLH-IgG, KLH-IgA and NDV-IgG were 0.28 ± 0.08, 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.07 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.06, respectively. There were positive genetic correlations (0.40–0.61) among the KLH-NAbs while negative genetic correlations (−0.26 to −0.98) were observed between the KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG. Results from this study indicate that non-genetic effects due to biological and environmental factors influence natural and specific antibodies and should be accounted for to reduce bias and improve accuracy when evaluating the traits. Subsequently, the moderate heritability estimates in KLH-IgM and NDV-IgG suggest selection possibilities for genetic improvement of general and specific immunity, respectively, and consequently disease resistance. However, the negative correlations between KLH-NAbs and NDV-IgG indicate the need to consider a suitable approach that can optimally combine both traits in a multiple trait selection strategies.     

A STUDY ON HEAT AND MOISTURE STATE OF HULL LAYER FOR THERMAL INSTULATION OF A COLD STORAGE

This paper analyses the thermal moist characteristics of the hull layer beside an air layer at lower temperature in an envelope for a cold storage and presents a new method of waterproof by air layer. With test data from engineering practice, the theory on the barrier of self moisture proof at the surface sublayer of the hull layer in an attic on a cold storage is proven. The dried zone about three phase point is confirmed. It is a new knowledge for thermophysics on thermal design of a cold storage with an optimum thermal performance.     

景观生态学原理在河道生态岸堤构

分析了传统水工设计中岸堤(岸坡)构建的弊端、简要介绍了国内外学者在河流的生态整治方面的思想与观点。从景观生态学的角度着重介绍了岸堤(岸坡)生态系统的组成和主要特征、生态岸堤的多种功能和景观生态学内涵；提出了在生态岸堤设计中的坚持生态优先，同时重视景观性和稳定性；根据使用材料的不同对岸堤进行分类,对生态岸堤的植物群落的构建进行分析。本文可为从而为生态岸堤的构建、河流、洪泛区的治理提供一定的思路和参考。     

农业机械系统配备量优化研究

农业机械系统选型配套是研究机械化的重要基础性工作,同时也是确保优质和高效完成各项作业的重要条件。为此,对目前农业机械配备方法进行了研究与分析,提出采用流水作业下的农业机械线性规划配备模型来进行配备量研究,对农业机械化取得良好经济效益有很好的推进作用。