蚜灰蝶及其他3种捕食性天敌对竹蚜的控制作用

在我国,竹类是一类广为栽植的经济林和用材林树种,同时也发展成为城市园林重要的观赏植物,而竹蚜是竹林的一类重要害虫,常造成竹林生长衰退,进而引发的竹林霉污病可进一步加剧竹林残败,并降低城市园林竹类的观赏价值。据安徽皖东竹林     

Carbon return and dynamics of litterfall in natural forest and monoculture plantation of Castanopsis kawakamii in subtropical China

The amount of carbon returned through litterfall and its seasonal pattern were studied in a natural forest of Castanopsis kawakamii (NF) and adjacent monoculture plantations of C. kawakamii (CK) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) (CF) in Sanming, Fujian Province, China. Mean annual carbon return through total litterfall over 3 years (from 1999 to 2001) was 5.097 t·hm⁻² in the NF, 4.337 t·hm⁻² in the CK and 2.502 t·hm⁻² in the CF respectively. Of the total carbon return in the three forests, leaf contribution accounted for 58.96%, 68.53% and 56.12% and twig 24.41%, 22.34% and 26.18%, respectively. The seasonal patterns of carbon return from total litterfall and leaf-litter were quite similar among the three forests. A peak of carbon input from litterfall in the NF and the CK occurred in spring except for the highest annual C return through branch litter of the NF in summer, while the CF showed the maximum C return in summer. The results of this study demonstrate that the natural forest has a greater C return through litterfall than monoculture plantations, which is beneficial to the increase of soil organic matter storage and the maintenance of soil fertility. [Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program of MOE P.R.C. (TRAPOYT) and the Key Basic Research Project of Fujian Province (2000F004)]     

天然林择伐经营技术的应用研究

按照森林可持续经营的原则，从天然林生态保护角度出发，以福建省永安市为例。利用森林分类经营方法对天然林经营进行科学分类，提出天然林因林因地实行合理的择伐方式是实现天然林可持续发展的有效途径，为天然林择伐经营的具体实施提供科学依据。     

乌天麻与红天麻在自然条件下花期相遇调控技术

在自然条件下,乌天麻和红天麻花期相差20~30 d,在相同条件下试验栽培,乌天麻和红天麻花期相差7~8 d.通过利用薄膜小棚和海拔高差,调控乌天麻与红天麻发育过程,促其花期相遇并获得成功,且调控成本比室内加温低,实用性强,为乌天麻和红天麻杂交育种开辟了一条新途径.     

长序榆天然更新调查研究

对福建省南平市来舟镇东山村残存的珍稀濒危树种长序榆的天然更新状况进行研究,结果表明:长序榆大树虽然生长旺盛,但林下天然更新不良。长序榆果实风播有效距离仅为30m,且由于它是阳性树种,不耐蔽荫,在阳光不足的林下种子难于成苗,幼苗难以成树,天然更新能力弱,这些是它种群数量少,处于濒危状态的主要原因。     

山西太岳山天然油松林主要木本植物种群结构及空间分布格局研究

油松是暖温带落叶阔叶林区的代表性树种之一,是我国北方地区重要的造林绿化树种。研究了太岳山林区天然油松林主要木本植物种群的径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:油松种群由于缺乏幼苗幼树,径级结构呈倒金字塔型,属衰退型种群;辽东栎、青楷槭等5种阔叶树种种群的径级结构呈纺锤形,属进展种群。油松、辽东栎、杨树、山杏、山楂在整个尺度范围内呈集群分布;白桦与茶条槭在小尺度范围呈明显的集群分布,在中、大尺度变成随机分布;青楷槭在中尺度范围呈随机分布,但是小尺度和大尺度呈集群分布;五角枫在整个尺度上呈随机分布的趋势;赤杨在尺度变化过程中由集群分布变成均匀分布。上层阔叶树和下层阔叶树呈集群分布的趋势,但下层阔叶树随尺度的变化由集群分布变成随机分布。种群的空间分布格局是物种的生物学、生态学特性及其自然环境长期作用的结果,是种群的一种生存策略或适应机制。     

沙地云杉林天然更新格局及其影响因子的灰关联分析

为了揭示沙地云杉种群发生、发展的内在机制,寻找影响沙地云杉林天然更新的瓶颈因子,应用格局分析和灰关联分析的方法对内蒙古白音敖包国家级自然保护区沙地云杉林的天然更新格局及其主要影响因子进行了研究。结果表明:沙地云杉林天然更新幼苗、幼树呈聚集分布,且死亡率高;枯枝落叶层厚度、下木盖度以及腐殖质层厚度对沙地云杉林天然更新影响最大,其关联度分别达到了0.749,0.746和0.678;海拔高度和坡度的关联度分别为0.615,0.621,与天然更新的关联度最小,对天然更新影响较小。     

西双版纳天然林保护与林业可持续发展

西双版纳天然林保护工程的实施对制止区内的环境退化和资源危机,协调人与自然的关系具有重要的作用.在天然林保护工程的实施过程中,对区域的经济、社会和文化造成了一定的影响.为保障社区林业的可持续发展,针对天然林保护给社区带来的影响,提出了发展非木材产品,加强经济林果的发展以及营造速生丰产林和薪炭林的对策,以实现西双版纳的天然林保护和林业可持续发展.     

Spatial structure of genetic variation within populations of forest trees

The spatial pattern and structure of genetic variation are important aspects of the population genetics of forest stands. Combined with limits to seed and pollen dispersal, spatial structure affects the level of inbreeding and the action of natural selection. The genetic constitution of stand regeneration, following different forestry practices, is also influenced by spatial structure. For example, natural regeneration with seed trees involves sampling seed trees from a stand that may be genetically nonhomogeneous. This paper reviews theoretical and empirical results on spatial patterns of genetic variation, produced under limited gene flow and selection, in terms of recently developed spatial statistics (e.g., spatial autocorrelation). Genetic correlations in samples from spatially structured populations are also described, as well as how spatial samples can be used to characterize the structure of genetic variation, and how inferences can be made about (spatially distributed) components of fitness and yield.     

世界天然橡胶现状

本文就当前世界天然橡胶的产量，主产国产量的预测，消费动向，胶价走势及胶树用途的拓展作些简介。