Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: Five cases

Although rare, guttural pouch mycosis is a potentially life-threatening disease in the horse. The disease is most commonly treated surgically. One surgical option is occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a combination of ligation and use of a balloon tipped venous thrombectomy catheter. Complications of such treatment are rarely reported. This case series of five individuals describes the appearance, diagnosis and management of medium (>2 weeks) and long-term (>10 years) complications (including abscess formation, draining sinuses and wound dehiscence) of internal carotid artery occlusion with a venous thrombectomy catheter and management of these surgical site infections. The clinical presentations included swelling and/or discharging tracts in the parotid region. In one horse, an osseous reaction of the basisphenoid bone and penetration of the contralateral guttural pouch by the implant were identified by computed tomography. In all five horses, the surgical site infections were successfully resolved following removal of the venous thrombectomy catheter.     

柑桔脚腐病药剂防治技术研究

几种药剂防治柑桔脚腐病的试验结果表明，ＤＴ和８４３康复剂对该病有良好的防治效果，湘南地区施药时期以４月上旬开始为宜，施药次数依药剂种类不同而异，一般施２～３次即可．温、湿度、虫害、人为创伤等因素对防治效果有明显的影响．     

Therapy of systemic fungal infections: a pharmacologic perspective

An increase in the incidence of severe, invasive, systemic fungal infections has been noted over the last decade in human and veterinary medicine. Reports of drug resistance and therapeutic failure to currently available antifungal agents have also been on the rise. Many factors are likely to be involved in these trends, including immune suppression and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The use of fungistatic drugs, suboptimal doses, compounded drugs, poorly absorbed drug formulations, and inadequate tissue penetrations of antifungals also contribute to the development of acquired resistance. Because of the unique chemical complexities of the antifungal agents, drug/drug and drug/food interactions may also play a significant role in poor therapeutic outcome. This review summarizes the pharmacology and toxicology of the antifungal agents in current use for systemic mycosis and introduces some of the newer antifungal agents that anecdotally show very promising results.     

Systemic mycosis caused by Trichophyton spp. in an olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea): An immunohistochemical study

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A sub-adult female olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) was found floating off the coast of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The turtle was lethargic and weak, and died one day after it was found. Necropsy was performed and selected samples of lung and liver were routinely processed for histopathological and immunohistological studies. Grossly, round, ulcerative lesions were observed on the rear flippers. The liver, spleen, coelomic wall, gastric serosa, lungs and urinary bladder were covered by various amounts of fibrin and small granulomas. Histopathologically, a severe fibrinous and granulomatous polyserositis (liver, spleen, stomach, urinary bladder, coelomic wall), severe fibrinous pleuritis and severe multifocal granulomatous pneumonia were diagnosed. Numerous fungal hyphae were observed associated with the lesions. Specific monoclonal and heterologously absorbed polyclonal antibodies served as the primary reagents for identification of aspergillosis, candidiasis, fusariosis, geotricosis, dermatophytosis, scedosporiosis, and zygomycosis. All hyphae were identified as Trichophyton spp., because a strong and uniform reactivity was obtained only with an heterologously absorbed polyclonal antibody raised against somatic antigens of Trichophyton spp.

DIAGNOSIS: Systemic mycosis caused by Trichophyton spp.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are no known previous reports of Trichophyton spp. causing skin disease or systemic mycotic infection in sea turtles. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry for identifying fungi in sea turtles is reinforced.     

A case of feline phaeohyphomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi

The first report of a case of feline phaeohyphomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi is presented. Fonsecaea pedrosoi is an aetiologic agent of both human phaeohyphomycosis and chromoblastomycosis. In our cat, the lesion was confined to the skin and appeared as a firm swelling on the bridge of the nose. Diagnosis was based on histological examination of a cutaneous biopsy and fungal culture of a tissue sample on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Further diagnostic tests failed to reveal an underlying immunosuppression. Two treatment cycles with itraconazole, at the oral dose of 5 mg kg-1 given twice daily, induced complete clinical remission, but relapses occurred.     

啶酰菌胺和溴菌腈对家蚕真菌病防治效果研究

对啶酰菌胺和溴菌腈协同防治家蚕真菌病进行了试验,结果表明:由于溴菌腈的加入,质量浓度为0.5mg/mL的啶酰菌胺对家蚕曲霉菌的杀灭率由42.7%提高到了100.0%,而加入0.625mg/mL的溴菌腈和加入0.312 5mg/mL的溴菌腈对啶酰菌胺的促进作用无显著差异;质量浓度为1mg/mL和2mg/mL的啶酰菌胺能促进浓度为0.312 5mg/mL的溴菌腈对家蚕白僵菌的杀灭率由2.67%分别提高到24.7%、49.3%。     

Tinea nigra by Hortaea werneckii,a report of 22 cases from Mexico

Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis caused by Hortaea werneckii. It is an infrequent asymptomatic infection that affects human palms and soles, and is mostly observed in tropical countries. We evaluate retrospectively twenty-two confirmed cases of tinea nigra from a total of eleven yr (1997–2007) and discuss the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of this disease. In twelve cases, adults were involved, in 10, children. In nineteen cases the disorder was located on palms of hands and in three on soles of feet. In all cases, the obtained isolates were morphologically identified as Hortaea werneckii and the identification of ten isolates was retrospectively confirmed with the help of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA. The patients received topical treatment with Whitfield ointment, ketoconazole, bifonazole, or terbinafine. Treatment with keratolytic agents and topical antifungals was effective.