广州市公益林生态效益价值分析及管理对策

在对广州市公益林分布和现状特点分析的基础上 ,从林种的生态功能角度对效益进行了分析。结果表明 :广州市水源涵养林生态效益比较高 ,生态效益从大到小排序为 :水源涵养林 >水土保持林 >风景林、自然保护区和小片林 >护岸林 ,从单个效益分析 ,维持大气平衡效益最大。最后提出了公益林管理对策     

对我国自然保护区实行共同管理制度的探讨

可持续发展原则和我国的国情决定了我国自然保护区不能长期实行完全封闭式的保护管理制度.为了协调自然保护区中森林资源保护和利用的矛盾,宜引入保护区共同管理体制模式,即在林业与环境部门的指导下,设置由代表不同利益的群体包括所组成的林业自然保护区共同管理委员会,并在遵循生态完整性、公平性与科学性三大原则基础上建立和实施权力制约、民主协商和监督机制.     

东北东部天然次生林的景观类型空间连接与分布规律--以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为例

帽儿山地区是东北东部山区较典型的天然次生林区。本文利用ARC／INFO软件，对帽儿山林场景观类型最小距离指数和景观连接度指数进行分析，进而对帽儿山林场各景观类型的空间分布规律进行了探讨。结果表明：有林地与无林地的景观连接度有明显差异，无林地的景观连接度普遍大于有林地；天然林的景观连接度都接近于O，景观破碎化程度较高。人工林的最小距离指数低于天然林和非林地；人工林中，人工针叶混交林的距离指数最小，格局接近于团聚分布；天然林的景观格局近于随机分布；非林地中，采伐迹地的距离指数最小，接近于团聚分布。图2参15。     

苹果树矮化栽培管理常见问题及对策分析

近年来苹果矮化栽培技术逐渐被推广,但栽培管理中仍然存在着一些问题,直接对苹果树的正常生长造成了影响。文章对苹果树矮化栽培管理过程存在的问题进行了分析总结,同时提出了相应的解决措施,希望能够为矮化苹果树的管理提供参考。     

食用菌工厂化栽培中病虫害防控措施浅析

在食用菌工厂化栽培中,病虫害防控措施包括环境控制和栽培管理两方面。通过分析食用菌工厂化栽培环境特点,提出病虫害防控原则,并且从病虫害来源、传播途径、传染源消除、食用菌生长保护等方面阐述了具体的防控方法,以期为病虫害防控提供参考。     

论食用菌菌种生产与经营法律规定

食用菌产业的发展具有极大的发展前景,对于食用菌生产也提出了越来越严格的要求。食用菌产业的发展在为农民提供了谋生的途径的同时,还需要加强食用菌菌种监督与管理,层层把关。     

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests,Iran

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m~2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m~2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.     

Performance of Bangladesh indigenous rice in a weed infested field and separation of allelopathy from resource competition

This study aimed to identify the potential allelopathic indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) varieties from Bangladesh using a performance study in a weed‐infested field and to assess the extent of allelopathic interference relative to resource competition in a glasshouse experiment. Six varieties – namely, “Boterswar,” “Goria,” “Biron” and “Kartiksail” as the most allelopathic, “Hashikolmi” as weakly allelopathic and “Holoi” as nonallelopathic – were raised following a nonweed control method. The infestation levels of weed species were calculated using Simpson's Diversity Index (SDI), which ranged from 0.2 to 0.56. However, a significant correlation coefficient (0.87, P < 0.001) was obtained from these field data compared with the root inhibition percentage from the laboratory bioassay, and the “Boterswar” variety was the most allelopathic. The interactions between the allelopathic variety “Boterswar,” weakly allelopathic variety “Hashikolmi” and Echinochloa oryzicola via a target (rice)‐adjacent (E. oryzicola) cogrowth culture were determined in a hydroponic arrangement. The relative competitive intensity (RCI) and the relative neighbor effect (RNE) values showed that the crop–weed interaction was facilitation for “Boterswar” and competition for “Hashikolmi” and E. oryzicola in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The allelopathic effects of “Boterswar” were much higher than the resource competition in rice/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures. The converse was observed for “Hashikolmi.” Moreover, the mineral content of E. oryzicola was severely affected by “Boterswar”/E. oryzicola cogrowth cultures’ exudate solution. Therefore, the allelopathic potential of “Boterswar” variety might be useful for developing the weed‐suppressing capacity of rice, which will likely have a significant influence on paddy weed control.