Performance Analysis of Rural Residences External Window Day Lighting in Chongqing Area

In recent years, rural residences go into a period of large-scale construction. Rural residences and urban residences are quite different in Layer, construction and service time. Little existing research on rural residences construction, and more research pay attention to optimize the design of the external window energy saving and ignores improving indoor light environment, such as Chongqing area. Main factors of external window are window-wall ratio, window glass types, external shading, etc. The factors influence the lighting and air-conditioning energy consumption at different levels and the consumption between lighting and air conditioning energy are opposite. In this paper, based on the average coefficient of indoor day lighting, use DesignBuilder software establish the model of the typical rural residences and use orthogonal experiment to analyze the results. Get the result: window-wall ratio＞window glass types＞external shading. And through the lighting standard conditions get the smallest window wall ratio in different glass types and external shading condition.     

从动件运动规律对凸轮机构效率的影响

在对高副机构效率分析的基础上，探讨了不同的从动件运动规律对凸轮机构效率的影响，绘出了机构瞬时效率的变化曲线，并分别就凸轮的结构参数与效率间的关系作了分析与讨论     

黄海南部沿岸(鋑)鱼仔稚鱼的表层分布及移动趋势

2005年5月22～28日，在黄海南部沿岸19个站位点，用浮游生物网（口径80cm，网目0．5mm）在表层进行水平拖网，共采集到鮻鱼仔稚鱼1915尾，体长范围2～23mm，优势体长4～5mm。按发育阶段划分，弯曲期仔鱼出现量最大，占58．8％，其后依次为前弯曲期仔鱼（25．4％），后弯曲期仔鱼（15．4％），稚鱼（0．4％）。各站位中以St．4平均密度最高（243．3尾／100m^3），St．2最低（0．2尾／100m^3），其它站位为0．2～35尾／100m^3。自北至南鮻鱼仔稚鱼的发育阶段有递增的趋势，且外侧海域发育阶段相对较早，沿岸海域则相对较晚，揭示了其随海流向沿岸巡游趋势的可能性。加强对沿岸水域的保护，将有利于保证鮻鱼仔稚鱼的资源补充量。     

Application of an Improved Frame-difference Method Based on Video in Traffic Flow Measurement

How to remove the background , to eliminate the misdetection caused by vehicle changes road or it covers the detection window of the road detected partly, is a big problem to be handled in vehicle detection system.This paper presents an improved frame-difference method based on Video,and describes how to detect and count vehicles in detecting zone dynamically.With this method, we can count the vehicles passing by accurately, collect the traffic flow of each roadway reliably.We provide real-time traffic parameters for the ITS.     

资源与环境约束下的产粮区粮食生产用水效率与影响因素研究

选取产粮区玉米、水稻和小麦三种作物,在考虑农业水污染的情况下,利用能够弥补决策单元(decision making unit,DMU)数量相对不足的窗式DEA(data envelopment analysis)方法探究产粮区2003-2012年三种作物用水效率及其决定因素。结果表明:三种粮食作物生产用水效率随着时间的推移均有所提高,但明显低于各自的技术效率;用水效率从高至低依次为玉米、小麦和水稻,而技术效率则依次为水稻、玉米和小麦;粮食主产省用水效率均比非粮食主产省高;长期偏低的农业水价并未真正反映水资源的经济价值。依据以上情况,提出产粮区应通过引入先进农业灌溉设备与技术,并根据产粮区粮食生产与环境特点制定适宜的水价机制来提高用水效率。     

基于形态学的机载LiDAR点云滤波研究

SMRF算法又称改善的简单形态学滤波算法,该算法相比以往算法有较高的滤波精度,效率高.该研究从点云格网化、迭代开运算和原始点云滤波3个方面分析SMRF算法的优势,并针对该算法最大窗口半径参数确定难的问题,提出了基于高次曲线极值的滤波窗口探测的形态学机栽云滤波,通过程序自动寻找最优最大滤波窗口半径,摆脱了以往需要人工确定形态学滤波开运算的最大滤波窗口问题.实验表明该方法是可行的,这不仅降低了参数输入的门槛,而且滤波精度较高,这对机载激光雷达点云数据后处理向着自动化处理发展具有重要的意义.     

黑土长期定位原状土壤搬迁对土壤物理性质的影响

为了明确土壤搬迁的环境变化和土壤移动对土壤物理性质产生的影响,选择长期定位施肥试验中的4个代表性处理(CK、NPK、MNPK、M)调查其土壤容重、水分、孔隙度和三相比等指标。结果表明:原状冻土搬迁的扰动对土壤物理性质有一定的影响,其对表层0~20cm土层的影响大于20~40cm土层土壤。不同处理间的横向比较,M、NPK、MNPK处理搬迁后0~20cm土层的土壤孔隙度均高于搬迁前;而20~40cm土层表现为搬迁后低于搬迁前,平均低11.8%;土壤孔隙度搬迁前后的变异系数分别为2.3%~5.9%和0.6%~1.7%,搬迁后土壤孔隙度的变异系数比搬迁前有所降低。土壤三相率在搬迁后各处理0~20cm土层固相率普遍减少,20~40cm固相率增加、水分减少;土壤容重搬迁前及搬迁后的变异系数为1.7%~7.2%及1.5%~17.1%。CK处理搬迁前的田间持水量处于众多处理的最低水平,为28.7%,搬迁后为44.3%,其它处理搬迁后为35%~45%,以M和MNPK处理较高,有机肥与化肥配合施用能够提高土壤对水分的保蓄作用。土壤含水率搬迁前0~60cm随着土层深度的增加土壤含水率降低,搬迁后的土壤与当地的土壤能够较好地融合。     

A Deliberation in Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

A contradiction existed in "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone(JGJ-134-2001)" is pointed out through calculations and the contradiction is perfectly solved by means of interrelation principle between window and wall.At the same time the constant form principle of equal thermal resistance in parallel connection between window and wall is advanced to make the controlling indexes for enclosure in buildings satisfy perfectly the requirement for energy efficiency.     

Effectiveness of early generation selection under two plant densities in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

The effectiveness of early generation selection under low and high plant density was evaluated in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). For this, the faba bean cv. 'Polycarpe' was pollinated by eight higher yielding cultivars of different origin. The F₁'s and F₂'s together with 'Polycarpe' and the pollinator with the highest yielding ability (cv. 'Effe') were evaluated under high plant density with adjacent controls and under low plant density in a honeycomb design. It was found that the eight hybrids had a different ranking at low than at high plant density for both generations (F₁and F₂). Hybrid Pol.x A-58 had the best combined yield performance in the F₁and F₂under high and hybrid Pol.x A-37 under low plant density. Application of individual plant selection in the F₂and F₃generation of the two crosses (Pol.x A-58 and Pol.x A-37), under both low plant density according to UNR-O honeycomb design and high plant density using a moving average, resulted in the selection of four groups with 20 selected F₃plants each. Within each group, equal numbers of seeds from each plant were mixed to establish four mixtures. These mixtures together with two controls ('Polycarpe' and 'Effe') were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (22 plants/m²) in one location for two years. It was found that the material selected continuously under low plant density had a significantly higher yield than the material selected under high plant density. In addition, the material selected from Pol.x A-37 (H₁R₂) under high plant density had a lower mean yield than that selected continuously under low plant density (H₁H₂). Their average yield over years was significantly higher than the yield of the material selected from Pol.x A-58 under both plant densities. Furthermore, the material selected from Pol.x A-58 under low plant density, had a significantly higher mean yield over years than its sibs selected under high plant density. It was concluded that honeycomb selection at low plant density can be used effectively for early generation selection in faba bean.     

Local adjustment method for field experiments. 2. Application in experiments with and without replications

Summary Presented are the results of an application of the local adjustment Field-method in the analysis of the real field experiments without replications and in experiments with pseudo- and random replications. It was found that the local adjustment allowed a more precise estimation of the real values of genotypes in all kinds of experiments over a wide interval of spatial heterogeneity. The results obtained indicate that by simply using up to 5 random replications the decrease of the spatial effects is inadequate for fields with medium and high soil heterogeneity or with unsuccessful randomization. The Field-method which has sufficient precision in evaluating spatial heterogeneity, considerably increases the reliability of estimates in experiments even with a small number of replications or with unsuccessful randomization. Therefore, for all field experiments that have fulfilled the necessary requirements the Field-method is recommended as an obligatory statistical procedure for a prior data analysis as it allows an accurate estimation of the real character expression of genotypes, as well as the random variance in experiments without replication and the parameters of ANOVA in ones with pseudo- and random replications.