基于改进持续法的短期风电功率预测

为了有效减轻风能波动对电网的影响,提高风电在电力市场中的竞争力,风电功率预测研究具有重要意义。该文提出了基于小波变换的改进持续法,对短期风电功率预测进行研究。该方法首先利用小波变换将原始风速信号分解为高频部分和低频部分,针对高频信号相邻的两个数据之间相似度较低,波动较大的特点,采用滑动平均法进行预测,而低频信号仍然采用持续法预测,最后通过小波重构以及风电功率特性曲线转换得到风电功率预测值。与原持续法相比较,平均相对误差由17.10%降至11.81%,平均绝对误差由39.58 kW降至23.48 kW,有效地提高了短期风电功率预测的精度,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

南亚热带海岸沙地不同树种叶片化学计量学季节动态研究

养分贫瘠是南亚热带海岸沙地植物生长与分布的主要限制因子之一。本文以南亚热带海岸沙地 5 种树种的叶 片和凋落叶为研究对象,通过对其碳、氮、磷含量及生态化学计量学特征的研究,从树种水平上分析了不同树种鲜叶 与凋落叶养分浓度及重吸收率的动态变化,探讨了不同树种的叶片化学计量特征及与养分含量的关系,以科学评判不 同树种对海岸沙地贫瘠立地的适应性,为沿海防护林的可持续经营提供理论依据。结果表明：海岸沙地上 5 个树种叶 片碳含量普遍较高,而氮、磷含量在不同树种间差异较大,且均呈显著的季节变化。不同树种的平均氮、磷重吸收率 变化范围分别为 25.0%~54.4%和 52.1%~78.1%,其中固氮树种的平均氮重吸收率低于非固氮树种,而其磷重吸收率高 于非固氮树种。在不同季节,不同树种受不同的养分限制。尾巨桉在春秋季为氮限制,在夏冬季为磷限制;厚荚相思 和木麻黄在不同季节均为磷限制;湿地松在春季为氮磷共同限制,夏季为氮限制,秋冬季为磷限制;而潺槁木姜子在 春季为氮限制,夏季为氮磷共同限制,秋冬季节为磷限制。     

三维弹性静力问题的无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法

将二维平面问题的无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法拓展到三维的相应理论中，编制了该法相应的三维Fortran程序.分析了均匀受拉立方体和悬臂梁两个经典算例，将所得结果与有限元法和解析解对比.结果表明了无网格局部Petrov-Galerkin法在解决三维弹性静力问题时的可行性和有效性，相对于有限元方法在位移解和应力解上也具有更好的精度.     

移动降雨条件下坡面产流产沙过程试验研究

通过对降雨移动方向上不同雨强和降雨历时的研究,揭示移动降雨坡面产流产沙关系及其变化规律,采用2个降雨移动方向(沿径流向上和向下移动)、2个雨强(1.35,2.75mm/min)和2个降雨历时(60,120min)在室内进行模拟移动降雨试验,分析不同降雨移动方向、不同雨强和降雨历时坡面产流产沙特征。结果表明:(1)向上移动降雨,相同历时(相同雨强)条件下,大雨强(长降雨历时)初始产流时间为140s(240s),比小雨强(短降雨历时)提前165s(65s)。(2)向下移动降雨,雨强越大,降雨历时越短,产流产沙曲线越陡峭;产流量和产沙量达到峰值的时间一致。(3)与向上移动降雨相比,向下移动降雨初始产流平均时间、产流和产沙达到峰值的平均时间分别滞后了2 210,2 468,2 948s;产流总量和产沙总量分别减少了13.08%~74.90%和42.95%~84.24%,但产流和产沙峰值大小没有明显变化规律。(4)不同降雨移动方向,坡面累计产沙量和累计产流量之间的函数表达式不同。     

基于修正的Snake模型与特征对象法的多运动目标分割

在分析常规的运动目标分割算法的基础上，以计算简单、速度快、能精确提取运动目标为原则，提出了基于特征对象的运动目标分割算法，并将该法与修正的Snake模型结合进行了运动目标外廓的精确提取.分析和实验表明：该算法需要调整的参数少，计算简单，速度快，抗干扰能力强，可以有效地消除多帧间运动目标的遮挡，在多运动目标不重叠的情况下，能精确定位多运动目标的外轮廓.     

哈密绿洲生态环境质量空间格局变化

通过2000、2008、2018年3期的Landsat数据,利用遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)确定哈密绿洲生态环境质量等级,运用3D趋势面探究生态环境质量各等级空间变化规律,利用移动窗口法分析绿洲生态环境质量的空间内部异质性及生态质量格局变化.结果表明:1)2000-2018年,哈密绿洲RSEI均值从0.223上升到0.396,生态环境质量总体转好,但水平较低.2)2000年生态环境质量中等、较好和优的分布较集中,均在东南-西北走向的轴线上;2008年生态环境质量极差与差等级区域明显减少,中等级、良等级和优等级区域增加范围较大,哈密绿洲整体扩展迅速;2018年生态环境质量中等、较好和优的范围相互交错,混合分布,且分布范围较大,生态质量不够稳定.3)生态环境质量变好的区域集中在绿洲的内部,且从内部到外部呈环状嵌套分布.2018年及2008年从内部到外部表现为:低值区-高值区-低值区-高值区;2000年与之相反.     

A novel odor stimulation system in freely moving,behaving animals

Precise and reliable presentation of odorants to animals is crucial for olfactory studies. Although odor stimulation systems in anesthetized or awake, head-fixed animals are well established, temporally precise odor presentation in awake, freely moving animals remains a challenge. Here, we describe a new odor stimulation system which presents odors directly to the nostrils of freely moving mice. The system comprises 3 modules: an odor-delivery module, an odor-generation module, and a control module. The new system is precise and temporally reliable, and odor stimulation can be triggered by specific sniffing phases or other events. Moreover, the system can be combined with neural recordings, such as electrophysiology, and olfactory behavioral tests to investigate how neurons in the brain represent odor information during individual olfactory behaviors. This innovative odor stimulation system may replace traditional stimulation systems: It will enable precise odor presentation in a wide range of olfactory studies in freely moving animals.     

Impact of protection and free grazing on sand dune vegetation in the Rajasthan Desert,India

In the Thar (Rajasthan) Desert of India, sand dunes and sandy plains dominate the landscape. Livestock raising and marginal land cultivation are the main occupations. Owing to the high growth rates of human and livestock populations and a decrease in pasture area and its primary productivity, these lands bear acute grazing pressure. Average rainfall is low and vegetation growth is restricted to the short rainy season of two to four months duration. Often there are years of lower than normal rainfall. In these circumstances, fenced areas, established to stabilize formerly active sand dunes, are increasingly opened to grazing to prevent high stock mortality during droughts. This study was conducted in four fenced and one open site, representative of the region's different vegetation types and grazing pressures. The impact of 2 and 5 per cent free grazing pressure on protected sand dune vegetation density and cover was tested in the two fenced sites. The vegetation data for grazed sites are compared with those for the two ungrazed fenced (protected) and one unfenced (open) site subjected to unlimited grazing pressure throughout the year. The vegetation sampling was carried out by the qaudrat and line-transect method before and after grazing from November 1984 to October 1986. It shows a significant reduction in the density and cover of many palatable species and an increase of unpalatable plants. The effect of vegetation degradation is greater in the unfenced area. The low grazing pressure on the fenced sand dunes sites can still cause drastic changes in the vegetation density and cover. Protection resulted in reduced sand erosion and enhanced growth of palatable plants in the fenced sites under similar climatic and edaphic conditions to the unfenced sites. The grazing pressure in the unfenced areas remains high to extreme during the year, due to low land productivity and high feed demand. The regeneration rate is very slow under the constant (3rd to 5th degree) overgrazing. Low intensity grazing pressure on the fenced sites during droughts can cause heavy utilization and mortality of palatable vegetation.