酸奶营养品质提升的加工工艺研究

牛奶中含有丰富的活性营养物质,包括乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、乳过氧化物酶、α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白等。传统工艺生产的酸奶经过高温杀菌,活性营养物质几乎完全损失。为了避免这一情况,本文推出一种新的酸奶生产工艺,生产出的酸奶可保留大部分活性营养物质。首先将牛奶的乳脂进行分离,乳脂部分进行125 ℃、5 s杀菌,脱脂牛奶部分进行75 ℃、15 s杀菌,将两部分料液混合后加入菌种发酵至酸度75~85°T,破乳后冷却后熟8 h以上。经测定,新工艺酸奶中α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白、乳铁蛋白、免疫球蛋白、乳过氧化物酶含量分别为966 mg/L、1 963 mg/L、23.4 mg/L、102 mg/L、1 025 U/L,远高于传统工艺酸奶的68 mg/L、200 mg/L、0.7 mg/L、14 mg/L、0 U/L。通过对比新工艺与传统工艺酸奶保质期内的活菌数、黏度、酸度和口感,并无显著差异。     

Strong functional stability of soil microbial communities under semiarid Mediterranean conditions and subjected to long-term shifts in baseline precipitation

We investigated the effect of soil microclimate on the structure and functioning of soil microbial communities in a Mediterranean Holm-oak forest subjected to 10 years of partial rain exclusion manipulations, simulating average drought conditions expected in Mediterranean areas for the following decades. We applied a high throughput DNA pyrosequencing technique coupled to parallel measurements of microbial respiration (R_H) and temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration (Q₁₀). Some consistent changes in the structure of bacterial communities suggest a slow process of community shifts parallel to the trend towards oligotrophy in response to long-term droughts. However, the structure of bacterial communities was mainly determined by short-term environmental fluctuations associated with sampling date (winter, spring and summer) rather than long-term (10 years) shifts in baseline precipitation. Moreover, long-term drought did not exert any chronic effect on the functioning of soil microbial communities (R_H and Q₁₀), emphasizing the functional stability of these communities to this long-term but mild shifts in water availability. We hypothesize that the particular conditions of the Mediterranean climate with strong seasonal shifts in both temperature and soil water availability but also characterized by very extreme environmental conditions during summer, was acting as a strong force in community assembling, selecting phenotypes adapted to the semiarid conditions characterizing Mediterranean ecosystems. Relations of climate with the phylogenetic structure and overall diversity of the communities as well as the distribution of the individual responses of different lineages (genera) to climate confirmed our hypotheses, evidencing communities dominated by thermotolerant and drought-tolerant phenotypes.     

苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘处理效果研究

为了验证苗盘烟雾消毒方法对烤烟苗盘的处理效果和安全性,试验设计了常规高锰酸钾消毒和苗盘烟雾消毒2种方法,结果表明:苗盘烟雾消毒方法省工省时,药剂用量和耗水量少,对烤烟苗盘有着较好的消毒效果,且对烟苗生长没有负面作用。     

冷冲高硬度材料模具失效的原因与对策研究

在日常的应用中,我们发现,制作材料是高合金钢的模具要比硬质合金制作的模具耐用,我们进而研究了其失效的方式以及失效的比例,研究结果显示,硬质合金的失效主要体现在掉渣和崩刃,而高合金钢的失效主要体现在正常的磨损方面。在制作的过程中,高合金钢会由于在加热的不适当而使得碳化物不均匀,或者使得硬度不稳定等原因而没有充分发挥材料的潜在能力,文章对如何提高高合金钢的寿命提出了具体方案。     

春花生超高产栽培技术模式研究与应用

采取正交旋转回归设计,以播种期、种植密度、施肥量为试验因子,以9000kg/hm2为产量目标函数,进行春花生超高产栽培模式集成研究。结果表明,在鲁西南平原地区,超高产春花生以种植密度和N、P、K施肥量为主要限制因素,播种期为次要限制因素。明确了春花生单产达到9000kg/hm2以上的最佳种植密度、播种期和合理的N、P2O5、K2O施用量为主要指标的栽培技术模式,增产效果显著。     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。     

High night-time temperature during flowering and pod filling affects flower opening,yield and seed fatty acid composition in canola

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod-filling stages. Although the impact of high day-time temperature stress on yield and quality has been documented in canola, similar information under high night-time temperature (HNT) stress is not available. Using six hybrids and four open-pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift in peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours of the morning under HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was significantly decreased (3%), with a significant increase in thylakoid membrane damage (13%) in the leaves of susceptible cultivars under HNT stress. Similarly, the susceptible cultivars also recorded significant reduction in biomass (34%), pod number (22%), pod weight (37%) and total seed weight (40%) per plant while the same set of agronomic traits were not affected among the tolerant cultivars. Quantitative impact of heat stress was confirmed with increased sensitivity to HNT exposure from gametogenesis until maturity resulting in a significantly higher yield loss compared to stress exposure from post-flowering till maturity. HNT significantly decreased oil concentration, but increased protein concentration and saturated fatty acid levels in seeds of the susceptible cultivars. However, HNT had no impact on the unsaturated fatty acids in both hybrids and the open-pollinated cultivars. Breeding targets based on fatty acid composition for enhancing canola seed quality may not be easily amenable due to the inconsistency documented with the compositional changes under heat stress. In summary, our findings conclude that canola hybrids are better suited to regions experiencing heat stress, compared to open-pollinated cultivars, indicating the possibility of a complete shift to hybrid canola cultivation under predicted hotter climates in the future.     

晚稻机收留高茬紫云英迟播技术的应用效果研究

通过田间试验,研究了双季稻田晚稻机械收获留高茬后紫云英迟播的应用效果。结果表明,与传统紫云英播种技术相比,晚稻机械收获留高茬紫云英迟播显著缩短了紫云英的生育期,但其盛花期能保持与传统播种技术一致,对下茬早稻作物的种植没有影响;两种播种方法对盛花期鲜草产量、植株养分含量和养分积累量均没有显著影响,说明迟播播种能达到与传统播种一样的肥田目的;迟播对紫云英的种子产量及产量构成因素均没有明显影响,与传统播种技术相比可节约劳动力成本约45元/hm2,且可避免传统播种方法对晚稻植株的伤害。在现代双季稻种植条件下,晚稻机械收获留高茬紫云英迟播技术具有较大的优势和发展前景。     

两系优质晚稻广两优7203的特征特性及配套栽培技术

广两优7203是中国水稻研究所和中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所用广占63S与中恢7203组配而成的强优势两系杂交稻组合,2013年通过浙江省审定,2014年通过国家审定。本文主要介绍了该组合在江西大面积试验示范的表现及高产栽培技术。