50%嘧霉胺·多菌灵WP防治番茄灰霉病田间药效试验

[目的]明确50%嘧霉胺.多菌灵WP对番茄灰霉病的防治效果和安全性,选择其在田间的适宜用量,为该农药的推广应用提供科学依据。[方法]设置了不同浓度和与其他药剂对比的7个处理,研究各处理对防治番茄灰霉病的田间药效。[结果]结果表明,用50%嘧霉胺.多菌灵WP 600 g/hm2防治番茄灰霉病,对叶片和果实的防效分别为82.3%和81.5%,显著高于对照药剂40%欧诺SC 480g/hm2、30%齐乐WP 1 050 g/hm2和50%多菌灵WP 1 000 g/hm2的防效。[结论]在用量450~600 g/hm2的情况下,该农药防治效果可达70%~85%,对作物安全。     

苹果霉心病的研究Ⅰ致病菌种类的调查鉴定

自苹果花期至贮藏期定期从花器、幼果、成熟果实和贮藏过程中的果实分离获得菌株。用孢子悬浮液经果实的萼筒注射接种红星苹果的成熟果实，发病后分离获得病原菌纯培养物。根据培养性状、子实体和孢子的形态共鉴定出１１属的１２种及８个类型的致病真菌。     

新型水稻钵体摆栽秧盘及秧盘注塑模具的设计

通过对现有水稻钵体摆栽秧盘结构的改进设计,可以大大提高秧盘的使用寿命,并设计出用于改进后的秧盘生产用的注塑模具。     

湘潭市郊菜园土及部分蔬菜重金属和氟污染状况的研究

湘潭市菜园土全部受到Cd的污染,蔬莲65％超过食品卫生标准,所有菜园土均有Pb污染,其中轻度污染4个区,中度污染2个区,以0.3ppm为标准,则蔬菜含Pb超标率达100％,如以0.6ppm为摄入限量浓度,蔬菜68％超限、Cu,Zn在土壤中均有积累,但末达到引起蔬菜污染的程度,土壤采用湘江流域背景值加2倍标准差作为污染起始值进行评终,3类菜园士对几种重金属元素的积累总趋势为:煤灰菜园土>红菜园土>潮菜园土,污染物质对土壤重金属积累的影响是:煤灰垃圾>污水灌溉>气污,但F的污染则与上相反、白菜和包菜对Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb的蓄积能力顺序相同,均为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb,对每种元素而言则白菜的蓄积能力均大于包菜。     

小麦煤污病菌的种群组成与分布研究

对山东省7个小麦主要产区的小麦煤污病样品进行了分离培养,共获得1458个分离物,经鉴定分属11属14种真菌。其中属于煤污菌范畴的有5属8种:链格孢(Alternariaalternata),枝状枝孢(Cladosporium clodosporioides),尖孢枝孢(C.oxysporrium),草本枝孢(C.herbarum),球孢枝孢(C.sphaerosporum),出芽短梗霉(Auroeobasidium pullulans),黑附球菌(Epicoceum nigrum)和葡柄霉菌(Stemphylium botryosum)。各地的优势种群均为 Alternariaalternata 和 Cladosporium spp.两者的分离频率之和均在60％以上,但枝孢属中的具体种因地而异。对泰安市小麦不同生育期煤污病的种群变化进行研究表明,不同时期小麦煤污病菌的种群组成不同,灌浆后期种类最多,成熟期则减少,灌浆前期种类也较少,优势种群基本保持稳定。     

Long-term retention of coded wire tags in juvenile Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Abstract  A hatchery experiment was organised to find out if the high loss rate of coded wire tags, noticed in connection with an Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) restocking programme, was size-dependent and also to test head moulds for future taggings. Six moulds made by Northwest Marine Technology Inc. and five moulds made at the Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute were used. A total of 100 charr were tagged with standard-length coded wire tags using each mould. One-summer old charr at tagging were held for 534 days and two-summer old charr for 320 days. The tag loss rate varied between 0% and 54% and was negatively related to the size of the charr at tagging. The high loss rate was connected with the poor alignment of some moulds, such that a large proportion of the tags were located in the nasal cavity instead of the nasal cartilage. Testing of the moulds and careful grading of the fish for tagging is emphasised, especially if Arctic charr smaller than 20 g in weight are to be tagged.     

钢筋抗拉强度检测中的误差与不确定度

介绍不确定度的基本概念和数学模型，并对材料力学性能测试中常见的钢筋抗拉强度检测中的不确定度进行了简要的分析和评定。     

注塑模多型腔流道优化设计

在注塑成型过程中,浇注系统尤其是多型腔浇注系统的设计合理与否对产品质量和效益都有决定性影响。为此,不袭用传统的浇注系统设计方法,在前人研究的基础上导出了新的流道系统优化设计模型,并在MODEFLOW软件模拟中得到验证。     

生物防霉剂防治葡萄贮运期病害研究初报

采用生长速率法测定了以纳他霉素为主要有效成分的生物防霉剂对葡萄白腐病菌、葡萄灰霉病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌的室内毒力,结果表明该制剂对各病害菌的抑制有效中浓度EC50分别为:29.67、35.79、32.08μg/ml,并用病原菌感染方法测定了制剂对贮运期葡萄的实物防治效果,纳他霉素浓度为200μg/ml的制剂各处理组不同时间的防效分别达80.18%、55.5%、65.17%,而1000μg/ml多菌灵对照防效仅19.82%、16.5%、21.72%,且均与多菌灵间存在显著性差异。     

Failure of UV irradiation to reduce blue mould infections beneficially in an experimental water handling system for pome fruit

A reduction in the number of wounds of pears and apples which developed blue mould (Penicillium expansum) infection was associated with reduced spore concentration. An experimental ultraviolet irradiation treatment of water in a fruit-handling system reduced both spore numbers and fruit rots, but not to a level which would suggest that the technique is worth pursuing to a commercial application stage.