云南茶叶茸毒蛾的生物学特性与综合防治

 对云南茶叶上发生危害的茸毒蛾主要种类的生物学特性及综合防治研究进行了报道.云南茶园内常见的6个茸毒蛾种类,以茶茸毒蛾、皱茸毒蛾和蔚茸毒蛾危害为主.茶茸毒蛾在茶园中1年发生4～5个世代;生长时期完成1个世代需要61.2～71.5d;越冬代长达146.8d.茸毒蛾的综合防治,充分利用茶叶——害虫——天敌相互作用的生态调控作用,发展生物制剂、农业防治、生态防治等结合的综合治理方法,尽力减少化学农药使用量或者不用化学农药,建立可持继发展的害虫综合防治体系.     

微粒子病集团检验中批次病蛾率的估算及其误差分析

蚕种质量检验中需要根据家蚕微粒子病集团检验的结果对检验批次的病蛾率进行合理估计。推导了一个根据检验集团带毒率估算检验批次母蛾的病蛾率的公式,并采用计算机模拟抽样检验方法对该公式的无偏性、有效性及影响因素(检验批次大小、检验集团数量、检验集团大小、实际病蛾率、带毒集团检出率)进行分析。结果表明,采用该公式对检验批次病蛾率的估计具有统计无偏性,估计误差主要受到检验集团数量、带毒集团检出率的影响。     

性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀害虫效果简报

通过进行性诱剂和诱捕器诱杀害虫的对比试验,试验结果表明,从诱捕器的诱虫效果来看,不管是单放还是混放性诱剂均以用UMT—B诱捕器的诱蛾量较多。从性诱剂诱芯的诱虫效果来看.不管是用UMT—B诱捕器还是可乐瓶诱捕器,单放甜菜夜蛾性诱剂诱蛾量较多。从诱蛾持效期来看,中科院甜菜夜蛾诱芯诱蛾持效期较长,达30 d左右。     

小菜蛾对苏云金杆菌抗性研究进展

从抗性水平、抗性遗传及稳定性、抗性机制、交互抗性、行为抗性和抗性管理策略等方面综述了小菜蛾对苏云金杆菌抗性的研究进展。     

南京紫金山春季蛾类多样性研究

采用灯诱的方法对紫金山4种不同植被类型鳞翅目蛾类资源进行了调查.共收集蛾类1182只,隶属于9总科、21科、155属176种.应用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度、优势度、相似性系数等分析了紫金山不同植被类型蛾类的多样性.结果表明:紫金山阔叶林蛾类多样性较高,种类较丰富;针阔混交林、针叶林、竹林等植物群落正处于演替的某个中间阶段.蛾类多样性指数不受均匀度影响.植物群落及生态环境的差异是导致蛾类群落结构差别的主要因素.蛾类可作为环境变化的指示物种.     

桃小食心虫成虫种群动态监测与防治指标

为明确桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura成虫的种群动态变化,2002—2014年在陕西省礼泉县当地具有代表性的苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态进行系统监测,并于2010年和2011年的7—8月桃小食心虫成虫盛发期,系统调查了成虫发生量与苹果着卵量的关系,建立基于性诱剂监测的桃小食心虫成虫防治指标。结果显示,苹果园桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态、始见期和终见期在年度之间差异很大,每年主要集中在6—8月发生;桃小食心虫成虫每年出现多次无规律的高峰,但第1代成虫高峰期发生的早晚与越冬代成虫高峰期出现的早晚有密切联系,即越冬代成虫高峰期出现早,则第1代成虫高峰期出现也就相对较早,且越冬代成虫发生量明显多于第1代成虫。性诱剂诱捕的成虫与卵果率之间呈极显著的对数关系,当以卵果率1%或2%为防治指标时,性诱剂诱捕器诱蛾量为8.3头/诱捕器·日或30.0头/诱捕器·日。     

粘着式信息素诱引器捕获小菜蛾试验及图像识别系统的研究

利用粘着式信息素诱引器捕获小菜蛾。对捕获小菜蛾的图像进行处理,除去图像背景,根据害虫所占面积和体态特征进行识别,对面积较大的害虫识别很容易;对不能进行面积识别的害虫,根据其颜色等进行主成分分析,小菜蛾的正确识别率达到96%。     

中山市五桂山生态保护区蛾类调查名录

采用线路调查和标准调查相结合的方法,对广东中山市五桂山生态保护区的昆虫多样性进行了专项调查、采集。采集后的昆虫及时制成针插标本;一些常见昆虫种类,对照专业昆虫图鉴进行形态鉴定;无法鉴定的,则送国内昆虫分类专家鉴定。共制成昆虫标本4万余号,其中本文报道的鳞翅目蛾类昆虫种类共计29科286种。     

钻孔注药防治国槐木蠹蛾

钻孔注药可有效防止国槐木蠹蛾的发生为害。氧乐果、甲胺磷和两者等量混配 3种处理都达到了较好的效果 ,但以氧乐果和甲胺磷等量混配防效最好。在春季注入 1次 ,防效 91. 0 % ,虫株治愈率 53. 3%。在春末和夏末各注入 1次 ,虫株治愈率 92 . 5%。确定了单位截面积上的农药注入量     

Responses of butterfly and moth species to restored cattle grazing in semi-natural grasslands

The effects of restorative grazing on the abundance of butterfly and moth species were studied in mesic semi-natural grasslands of SW Finland differing in management history: (1) old continuously grazed, (2) restored (with ca 5 years of reinitiated grazing), and (3) abandoned former pastures.Generalized linear modelling of species abundances and indicator species analysis produced qualitatively similar results. Only three species (Polyommatus icarus, Lycaena hippothoe and Camptogramma bilineatum) were most abundant in old pastures, whereas 12 species (Polyommatus semiargus, Polyommatus amandus, Brenthis ino, Aphantopus hyperantus, Scopula immorata, Idaea serpentata, Scotopteryx chenopodiata, Epirrhoe alternata, Cybosia mesomella, Polypogon tentacularius, Hypena proboscidalis and Cryptocala chardinyi) were most abundant in abandoned pastures. None of the old-pasture species had become more abundant in restored pastures. Three species, Epirrhoe hastulata, Xanthorhoe montanata and Chiasmia clathrata, occurred equally abundantly in abandoned and in restored pastures indicating a slow progress of restoration.Species associated with old pastures differed from species associated with abandoned pastures in their recent distributional changes in Finland. The species of old pastures showed decreasing trends, whereas those of abandoned pastures showed mainly increasing trends in their distribution. In five out of 11 species, the preferred successional stage differed markedly between this study and previous studies conducted in Central Europe.We conclude that (1) ca 5 years of restorative grazing in mesic grasslands has been insufficient for the colonisation of old-pasture species in the restored sites, (2) different management intensities are needed regionally for the maintenance of grassland insect diversity and (3) application of the knowledge on successional preferences of different species in conservation management, even in climatically similar regions, should be made with caution.