超干处理延长菜豆种子寿命的生理生化机制研究

为研究菜豆种子在超干处理条件下抗老化能力,以菜豆品种‘将军’、‘紫冠’、‘热那亚’为试验材料,采用硅胶脱水的方法制备不同含水量的种子,并对不同程度超干处理的菜豆种子进行人工老化,对老化后种子发芽率、发芽指数、种子活力及生理指标进行测定,进一步讨论菜豆种子的最适含水量。结果表明,‘将军’种子含水量降至5.78%~6.95%时,种子各指标在老化后保持在较高水平;‘紫冠’种子含水量为5.35%~6.89%时,老化后各指标均高于自然干燥种子,且差异显著;‘热那亚’种子含水量为5.01%~6.15%时,老化后各发芽指标、热稳蛋白含量均高于自然干燥种子。说明超干保存菜豆种子具有一定的可行性。     

不同种植年限桃树根区土壤肥力变异特征

果树根际土壤肥力是果树生长的基础,本研究通过对种植年限为5、10、15、20年桃树根区土壤理化和生物学性状变化进行分析,以期揭示不同种植年限桃园根际土壤肥力的变异特征,探明影响桃树产量和品质主要土壤肥力因子,为不同种植年限桃树生产管理提供理论依据.结果 表明:随着种植年限的增加,土壤粘粒、粉粒含量增加,但土壤质地未改变...     

淀粉的糊化与凝胶特性及食用品质研究

不同种类的淀粉具有不同的理化、感官特性,为了实现从原料推断产品的好坏,本研究以市场上常用的各种淀粉原料作为试材,探究谷类淀粉(小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉)、薯类淀粉(马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、木薯淀粉)、豆类淀粉(豌豆淀粉、绿豆淀粉)的基本成分、溶解度、膨胀度、糊化特性、凝胶特性及感官评分等指标。结果表明:豆类淀粉的直链淀粉含量最多,薯类淀粉的直链淀粉含量最低;谷类淀粉的糊化温度相对较高,稳定性最好,薯类淀粉糊化温度最低;马铃薯淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度及回生值最大,豌豆淀粉的峰值黏度最小,玉米淀粉的回生值最小;豆类淀粉的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性及凝胶强度最大,黏度最小;薯类淀粉的黏度最大,硬度、弹性、咀嚼性及凝胶强度最小;豆类淀粉的感官得分最高,薯类淀粉的感官得分最低,其中豌豆淀粉的感官得分最高,为8.14分(满分9分),该产品色泽剔透、质地紧密,弹性好,更为消费者所喜爱。综合各项指标得出豆类淀粉中的豌豆淀粉的糊化凝胶特性及感官指标相对较好,可将其大力开发成凝胶产品。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对大豆分离蛋白凝胶的影响

为改善大豆分离蛋白(SPI)凝胶的强度,在SPI热诱导或酶诱导形成凝胶过程中添加表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG),制备EGCG/SPI凝胶体系.通过表面疏水性、自由巯基含量、内源荧光光谱和圆二色谱分析体系中SPI的结构改变,发现EGCG的添加提高了SPI的表面疏水性和自由巯基含量,蛋白质链展开,出现松弛和拉伸,分子柔性增加.圆二色谱结果表明无序结构(β-转角和无规卷曲)含量明显增加,β-折叠含量明显减少.进一步研究了热诱导和酶诱导下EGCG/SPI凝胶体系的形成作用力、凝胶强度、流变学特性、持水力及表面形貌的变化,结果表明,EGCG的添加增强了热凝胶中的氢键、疏水相互作用和二硫键,EGCG/SPI凝胶具有更高的持水力、凝胶强度和储存模量,以及更为紧密的三维网络结构.     

长期施用含SO42- 肥料对水稻农艺性状及产量影响

为了研究长期施用含SO4=肥料对水稻水稻农艺性状及产量的影响,对红壤地区农业持续发展和科学研究提供原创性的理论依据,刘更另院士于1975年开始在湖南祁阳官山坪中国农业科学院红壤实验站布置了肥料定位试验。试验设三个处理,即：处理一：SO4=,采用含SO4=化肥：(NH4)2SO4 + K2SO4 + 过磷酸钙。 处理二： Cl- ,采用含Cl- 化肥：NH4Cl + KCl + KH2PO4;处理三：隔离区（CK）。施用化肥NPK。即：尿素 +过磷酸钙+ 氯化钾。 三个处理NPK用量相同。通过32年的长期研究,结果表明：1.长期施用含SO4=肥料对水稻产量没有多大影响;2.长期施用含SO4=肥料能够提高水稻生物产量。据1982-2007年26年的总产量（生物产量）统计,SO4=处理（488653.5kg/hm2）,比CK处理（483862.1 kg/hm2）高4791.4kg/hm2,比Cl-处理（477262.5kg/hm2）高11391.0 kg/hm2。3. 长期施用含SO4=肥料能够增加水稻有效穗,但结实率和千粒重较低。     

Developing a reliable strategy to infer the effective soil hydraulic properties from field evaporation experiments for agro-hydrological models

The Richards equation has been widely used for simulating soil water movement. However, the take-up of agro-hydrological models using the basic theory of soil water flow for optimizing irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide practices is still low. This is partly due to the difficulties in obtaining accurate values for soil hydraulic properties at a field scale. Here, we use an inverse technique to deduce the effective soil hydraulic properties, based on measuring the changes in the distribution of soil water with depth in a fallow field over a long period, subject to natural rainfall and evaporation using a robust micro Genetic Algorithm. A new optimized function was constructed from the soil water contents at different depths, and the soil water at field capacity. The deduced soil water retention curve was approximately parallel but higher than that derived from published pedo-tranfer functions for a given soil pressure head. The water contents calculated from the deduced soil hydraulic properties were in good agreement with the measured values. The reliability of the deduced soil hydraulic properties was tested in reproducing data measured from an independent experiment on the same soil cropped with leek. The calculation of root water uptake took account for both soil water potential and root density distribution. Results show that the predictions of soil water contents at various depths agree fairly well with the measurements, indicating that the inverse analysis is an effective and reliable approach to estimate soil hydraulic properties, and thus permits the simulation of soil water dynamics in both cropped and fallow soils in the field accurately.     

不同粒型花生品种衰老过程中生理特性的变化

以不同粒型的花生品种为材料，研究衰老过程中叶片的生理特性及产量性状。结果表明：后期叶片NR、PAL的活性呈下降趋势，但大粒型品种较小粒型品种下降速度慢；开花50d以后，大粒型品种AsA-POD的变化呈抛物线下降（Y=-0．0492X^2＋5．5791X-146．82）；小粒型品种呈直线下降（Y=-0．553X＋39．302）。MDA含量在开花后60—65d迅速上升，至成熟期，大粒型品种MDA含量较小粒型品种降低44．9％，百仁重、百果重平均分别增加46．8％、61．4％，产量提高33．2％。     

Microstructures and tensile properties of commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets

Uniaxial loading tests are performed on 0.8 mm thick sheets of commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy in the temperature range from room temperature to 400 ℃. The microstructures and tensile properties are studied. The results reveal that there are few twins in the deformation microstructures created when deformation occurres in temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 ℃, and dynamic recrystallization take place at deformation temperatures exceeding 200 ℃. Commercial AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets have a preferable strength and ductility at room temperature. The ductility of the sheets is improved as the deformation temperature increases. Some characteristics of low temperature superplasticity or high strain rate superplasticity exist.     

高频电磁波水分测量精度影响因素的研究

在25℃±1℃的空调环境下,用含水率约10%的棉花秆为测量对象进行试验分析,对比物料堆放密度、料层厚度、测量距离与高频电磁波水分测量精度的关系。试验结果表明,测量距离对测量精度的影响最大,测量距离相差20mm,反射电磁波强度相差450%以上,而对堆放密度的影响约为16%。     

储藏条件对水稻种子发芽活性影响的研究

文章讨论了储藏中水稻种子的水分含量、储藏温度和气体条件（如ＣＯ２气体、脱氧剂等）对水稻处子发芽活性的影响。