气调包装复合保鲜技术在水产品保鲜中的应用现状

水产品营养价值高,含有多种氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、矿物质等营养素而脂肪含量相对较低,深受人们喜爱,也是中国居民膳食指南中的重要组成部分。水产品中由于水分、蛋白质等成分含量丰富,极易在微生物和内源酶的作用下发生蛋白质、脂肪等的降解或氧化而腐败变质,从而缩短了货架期,降低了商业价值。气调包装保鲜技术是指通过使用高阻隔性能的复合包装材料,并调整食品贮藏环境中的气体组成来改善食品贮藏品质并延长货架期的技术,因其安全性高、保鲜效果好而被广泛应用于水产品保鲜领域中,本文总结了近几年气调包装复合其他保鲜技术(低温、紫外杀菌、臭氧处理、超高压处理、化学保鲜剂、生物保鲜剂)在水产品保鲜领域中的应用,旨在为气调包装在水产品保鲜中的进一步应用提供理论依据。已有的研究表明该复合技术能有效地降低水产品贮藏末期微生物总数、挥发性盐基氮、三甲胺、生物胺等指标,并维持较高的感官评分、水分含量、鲜度值,可有效延长水产品的货架期,未来可以从气调包装复合保鲜技术的抑菌机理、理化指标变化机理、包装材料及模式等方面展开深入研究。     

Rapid screening of genetically modified ingredients in soybean and cotton processing by-product and waste using direct qPCR

To develop a simple and fast method for screening genetically modified ingredients from processing by-product and waste, direct quantitative PCR (qPCR) kit-Taqman which omitting multi genomic DNA preparing steps was developed in this study. A total of 18 oil crop processing by-products and wastes including 10 soybean and 8 cotton materials were collected from food processing factories. Compared with 2 commercial direct qPCR kits, conditions of DNA releasing procedure and PCR amplification were optimized. Element screening was performed at the initial step of genetically modified (GM) ingredient testing procedure via direct qPCR. GM event identification was carried out in positive samples by initial screening. Totally 5 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, Cp4-epsps, bar and pat) for soybean materials and 6 screening elements (P–35S, T-NOS, NPTII, Cry1Ac, bar and pat) for cotton samples were detected. In GM event identification, MON531 and MON1445 were found in cotton materials. Results were further confirmed by real-time PCR with DNA extraction and purification. The direct qPCR system proposed by this research was convenient for rapid screening and identification of GM ingredients in oil crop primary by-product and waste.     

不同改良材料对灌漠土微生物量磷及生物有效性的影响

通过培养和盆栽试验,向灌漠土土壤中加入等量磷和不同添加比例的硫磺S（0.05%、0.15%、0.45%）、生物菌肥B（0.25%、0.50%、1.00%）、有机肥OM（0.50%、1.00%、2.00%）和小麦秸秆WS（1.00%、2.00%、4.00%）,研究不同改良材料配施磷肥土壤微生物量磷的变化特征,及其与Olsen P、小麦吸磷量之间的关系。结果表明,添加不同改良材料处理的土壤微生物量磷含量均显著高于对照（不添加改良材料）,且随着添加比例的增大而增加。在第16天时,各处理土壤微生物量磷含量达到最大值,OM₂2.00、B₂1.00、WS₂4.00和S₂0.45处理分别较对照显著增加了34.66%、34.52%、28.19%和23.89%;经过30 d的培养,硫磺、生物菌肥、有机肥和小麦秸秆处理的土壤微生物量磷含量较对照分别增加了19.51%、43.08%、47.92%和41.68%。在一定范围内（Olsen P约90 mg·kg^-1）,土壤微生物量磷随土壤Olsen P提高而增加。在培养的第16天和第30天时,小麦植株吸磷量也与土壤微生物量磷存在极显著的相关关系。总体看来,有机肥或生物菌肥配合磷肥施用于灌漠土能促进土壤微生物量磷的增加,提高磷的生物有效性,对于灌漠土磷素高效利用具有重要意义。     

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein up-regulates endothelin receptors in mouse mesenteric artery through p38 MAPK pathway

AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin （ET） type A (ET_A) and type B (ET_B) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET_A receptor, ET_B receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ET_A receptor and ET_B receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ET_A and ET_B receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway.     

氨基修饰二氧化硅对Cr^3+和直接桃红B12的吸附

该试验以硅烷偶联剂KH-550为改性剂,乙醇为溶剂合成氨基二氧化硅。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子吸收光谱、可见分光光度法对改性前后SiO 2进行表征,研究其对铬离子及染料直接桃红B12的吸附情况。结果表明:25℃恒温振荡20 min,改性SiO 2吸附重金属离子Cr^3+效果明显,当其用量为0.04 g时,吸附率达99.01%,而相同条件下未改性SiO 2对Cr^3+吸附率只有25.13%;将其用于染料直接桃红B12的吸附,改性后SiO 2吸附率达91.97%,相同条件下未改性SiO 2的吸附率仅为34.23%。     

养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥理化性质表征

文章以分散式养猪场沼渣为应用研究对象,以8%聚乙烯醇为包膜材料,改性斜发沸石为肥料载体和缓控释材料调理剂,通过添加不同沸石量制备3种复混包膜缓释肥。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜及三维荧光对3种缓释肥的进行表征。结果表明:添加改性沸石的复混包膜肥除了增加显著的沸石红外特征谱外,其余红外光谱图差异不明显,表明添加沸石对有机质(富里酸和腐殖酸)结构和化学键型并未产生明显的影响,即不影响沼渣理化性质;添加改性沸石可以使聚乙烯醇完整的覆盖在肥料表面,膜壳更加平整光滑,膜层更加致密;三维荧光光谱显示复混包膜肥Ⅰ浸出富里酸和腐殖酸浓度最大,复混包膜肥Ⅲ浓度最低,表明添加沸石有减缓肥料养分释放的效果。该研究对于利用养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥有一定的参考价值。     

中国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状与展望

农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准是农业转基因生物安全管理必不可少的技术保障.截至2021年1月,农业部/农业农村部共发布了农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准47项.本文对我国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状进行初步总结,对国内外农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的发展现状进行比较,探讨了今后一段时间内农业转基因生物环境安全...     

基于便携式生物传感器设备的转基因现场快速分析研究

现场快速检验(point of care test,POCT)是实现转基因基层监管必要的技术手段,在转基因成分检测中发挥着重要作用.生物传感器为转基因成分简单、快速和低成本定量分析提供了一个可行的技术方案.目前大量的生物传感器研究还处于方法学研究阶段,研究者需要着重将生物传感器技术与分析设备集成,开发小型化的便携式检测...     

农药包装废弃物回收处置管理的思考

本文在深入调研农药包装废弃物的回收处置现状上,提出一是加快土地流转,转变农业生产方式,实行科学种养和统防联治;二是开展调研立法,从源头增收排污和包装废弃物回收处置费;三是组建或聘用专业的基层技术服务队;四是合理布局,建立和完善处置体系装备;五是实行补贴“一票否决制”和“补偿激励”机制的意见及建议。从源头和制度上切实解决“有人干、有经费、有设备、有制度”保障等问题,切实做好农药包装废弃物的回收处置工作,实行乡村振兴的优居环境。