基于GIS的可视化配电网线损研究

论述了国内外的线损研究工作和电力GIS的发展、应用现状及技术,对目前多种理论线损计算方法进行了分析,针对农村电网传统线损管理系统的不足和农业电力部门的迫切需要,基于GIS技术实现线损管理功能的思路、技术方法及其总体结构、数据模型和线损计算等展开了深入研究和探讨,并进行了具体实践研究。     

云南甘蔗品种布局及种植类型统计分析

以近期完成的云南省2008～2009年榨季甘蔗种植情况的统计结果,分析云南省2008～2009年榨季甘蔗品种、种植类型的布局以及现代甘蔗农艺技术的推广现状,揭示云南省甘蔗种植布局中存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。     

Nursery areas of Micromesistius poutassou and Sardina pilchardus unveil their reproductive strategies in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Winter conditions in the NW Mediterranean cause instability of the water column and non-geostrophic dynamics, such as vertical mixing and convection are significant. These events involve nutrient supply to the photic zone that can sustain high productivity. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of winter hydrodynamics on the spawning strategies of Sardina pilchardus and Micromesistius poutassou. Data were obtained on two oceanographic cruises (February 2017 and 2018) off the Catalan coast. The occurrence of S. pilchardus eggs very close to the coast indicated a clear preference of the species for spawning in coastal areas. Preflexion and postflexion larvae exhibited a slightly wider distribution showing a clear association with the cold, less saline and more productive coastal waters. Preflexion larvae of M. poutassou were found on the upper slope and over the shelf, being offshore limited by the shelf/slope front present all along the slope. The front would act as a barrier preventing their dispersion towards the open sea. M. poutassou larvae in advanced developmental stages were located close to the coast in the productive shelf waters, with instabilities of the front contributing to larval transport from offshore waters to the coast. The vertical distribution of both species showed high variability, not only related with the daily cycle or developmental stage, but also with the vertical structure of the water column. Overall, the results provide some clues on how the spawning strategies of both species may evolve under future scenarios of higher winter-stratification, because of the global warming.     

辽西地区覆膜条件对不同土层土壤氮磷钾累积量的影响

为了探明覆膜技术对辽西半干旱区土壤氮磷钾累积量及其剖面分布状况的影响,本试验以农业部阜新农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站为研究平台,设置裸地种植、春季覆膜、秋季覆膜3种处理,通过对土壤剖面各层次全量氮、磷、钾的测定,定量分析辽西半干旱区覆膜条件下土壤全量养分含量及剖面分布差异,结果表明:不同覆膜处理对土壤全量氮、磷、钾累积量影响各不相同。2种覆膜处理可有效提高0～40 cm土层土壤全氮和全磷累积量,与裸地相比,春覆膜与秋覆膜处理可使土壤全氮提高34.4%和21.0%,秋覆膜处理可使全磷累积量提高17.0%。40～60 cm土层,裸地处理全氮、全磷累积量显著高于覆膜处理,其中全氮累积量较春覆膜处理提高65.7%,且为秋覆膜处理的2.16倍;全磷累积则表现为裸地种植比春覆膜和秋覆膜处理分别提高44.2%和39.4%。不同处理间全钾含量差异显著,总体表现为秋覆膜春覆膜裸地。3种处理土壤养分的剖面分布规律也各不相同,覆膜处理土壤全氮和全磷随剖面深度的增加呈逐渐减少的规律,而不覆膜处理则呈现先减少再增加的趋势;不同处理土壤全钾的剖面分布规律相似,即随剖面加深全钾含量均无显著变化,即使是表层土壤也未显示出全钾聚集的特征。     

江苏近岸海域夏季浮游植物的分布特征及多样性

根据江苏近岸海域2006年夏季浮游植物调查的结果,对浮游植物种类、细胞丰度及其水平分布、多样性特征等进行了分析,结果显示:江苏近岸海域浮游植物种类丰富,共鉴定种类6门57属156种;细胞丰度较高,整个海区年平均密度为4.98×106ind/m3。硅藻在细胞丰度上占绝对优势,平均为4.63×106ind/m3。浮游植物种类数的平面分布表现为南高北低,高密区主要分布在长江口北支、南通海域南部等区域。聚类分析结果显示,江苏近岸海域春季浮游植物可以分成3个类群,即双尾藻—佛氏海毛藻—角藻类群,中肋骨条藻类群和圆筛藻类群。香农—威纳多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef指数水平分布则是北高南低,细胞丰度较高的区域多样性水平较低。     

基于GIS和RS的海口市郊区乡村景观格局分析

采用1991、2001、2010年3期Landsat TM/ETM+和Alos遥感影像数据,应用面向对象遥感影像提取技术,对3期影像数据进行解译,运用景观生态学理论,结合GIS技术及FRAGSTATS 4.1景观分析软件,选择合理的景观指数,对海口市郊区乡村景观格局进行时空变化研究,揭示乡村景观的空间特征和变化趋势。结果表明:近20年来,热带园地景观一直处于优势地位,热带农田景观形状最为复杂,热带疏林景观受到人为干扰的强度很大,但热带疏林景观连接性好,分布集中,聚集程度高,热带聚落景观和热带荒草地景观散布程度大,连接性差;景观连通性基本保持良好;蔓延度指数变化不大,景观均衡性稳定;景观多样性基本维持平衡,各景观类型分布基本均匀,但景观的破碎化程度有上升的趋势,景观异质性程度略有增大。     

海南岛清澜港红树树种适应生境能力与水平分布*

红树植物的器官形态变异反映了它们对于不同潮间带生境的适应能力，灰色聚类分析结果表明杯萼海桑、海桑、正红树属于适应潮间带生境能力强的种类，木榄、海莲属于适应潮间带生境弱的种类。适应能力强者在低、中潮滩组建群落，适应能力低者在高、中潮滩组建群落。随潮间带淤积升高，适应能力强者不断向外占领裸滩，适应能力弱者不断侵入适应能力强者的迹地。     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

Influence of mapping resolution on assessments of stream and streamside conditions: lessons from coastal Oregon,USA

• 1. Digital hydrographic data are commonly employed in research, planning, and monitoring for freshwater conservation, but hydrographic datasets differ in spatial resolution and accuracy of spatial representation, possibly leading to inaccurate conclusions or unsuitable policies for streams and streamside areas.
• 2. To examine and illustrate the potential for different hydrographic datasets to influence in‐channel and streamside characterizations, a study area in the US Pacific Northwest was chosen because 1:100 000, 1:24 000, and densified 1:24 000 hydrography are available and widely used in research and management for several species of Pacific salmon and trout at risk. The potential was examined for differences among the digital hydrographic datasets in: (1) spatial extent to influence estimated abundances of fish habitat, streamside buffer conditions, and fish distributions; and (2) spatial position to influence estimated streamside buffer conditions and estimated stream gradient.
• 3. The analysis of spatial extent found the total stream length represented by the 1:100 000 hydrography was approximately one half that of 1:24 000 hydrography and only one fifth that of densified 1:24 000 hydrography. The 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 networks differed significantly for 13 out of 18 fish habitat attributes, and the three hydrographic datasets differed significantly for many characteristics in streamside buffers; fish distributions mapped at 1:24 000 added 6–14% of stream length to 1:100 000 distributions. The analysis of spatial position found few differences between the 1:100 000 and 1:24 000 hydrography in streamside buffer characteristics but significant differences in channel gradient.
• 4. Overall, hydrographic datasets differed only slightly in spatial position but differed in spatial extent to the point of representing different populations of streams. If species inhabiting larger streams (greater mean annual discharge) are of interest, then results derived from studies based on 1:100 000 hydrography should prove useful. However, higher‐resolution hydrography can be critical when designing and implementing strategies to protect fish and other aquatic species at risk in smaller streams.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长白山典型森林土壤黑碳含量及不同组分中的分布特征

[目的]通过实地采样对黑碳进行量化研究。[方法]利用相对密度分组方法探讨了长白山典型森林土壤黑碳含量及在不同有机碳组分中的分布特征。[结果]表明:黑碳(BC)含量在表层(A₁₁)、亚表层(A₁₂)分别为6.39~16.55 g·kg^-1、1.44~6.16 g·kg^-1,随土壤深度的增加而显著下降(p﹤0.01)。在A₁₁、A₁₂层中,轻组有机碳(LFOC)平均含量分别为66.66 g·kg^-1、6.65 g·kg^-1,轻组黑碳(LFBC)平均含量分别为5.63 g·kg^-1、1.21 g·kg^-1,同时,LFBC/LFOC在A₁₂层(10.02%~34.89%)显著高于A₁₁层(6.99%~14.45%)(p﹤0.01);A₁₁、A₁₂层重组有机碳(HFOC)平均含量分别为49.16 g·kg^-1、36.55 g·kg^-1,重组黑碳(HFBC)平均含量分别为2.69 g·kg^-1、1.44 g·kg^-1,HFBC/HFOC在A₁₁层(3.36%~8.08%)和A₁₂层(3.21%~7.58%)之间没有显著差异(p>0.05)。另外,土壤中LFBC/LFOC显著高于HFBC/HFOC(p﹤0.01),LFBC/BC显著高于HFBC/BC(p﹤0.01)。[结论]长白山典型森林土壤中黑碳的含量、比例均较高;土壤表层(A₁₁)有机碳、黑碳含量及各组分有机碳、黑碳含量均高于亚表层(A₁₂),均随着土层加深而显著降低;轻组、重组有机碳中均含有一定比例的黑碳,黑碳主要分布在轻组分中;轻组、重组有机碳与组分中黑碳均显著相关,轻组中相关系数大于重组。