温度对紫黑翼蚌耗氧率和排氨率及其昼夜变化的影响

采用静水呼吸法测定了在3个不同温度条件下紫黑翼蚌耗氧率及排氨率的变化,比较了雌雄蚌的呼吸代谢差异,并研究了其昼夜变化规律。结果表明:在17~27℃条件下,紫黑翼蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高;雄蚌耗氧率高于雌蚌,但无显著性差异;而雄蚌排氨率低于雌蚌,且在22℃、27℃条件下排氨率差异显著(P=0.014,P0.01);在27℃条件下,雄蚌的氧氮比显著高于雌蚌(P=0.019),这可能与紫黑翼蚌雌雄生理差异有关;22℃时,紫黑翼蚌耗氧率和排氨率均存在明显的昼夜节律,夜间显著高于白天,雌雄蚌的呼吸代谢高峰均出现在凌晨1:00~3:00,除雄蚌的排氨率低谷出现在9:00~11:00,其他低谷均出现15:00~17:00。在22℃条件下,雄蚌一昼夜平均耗氧率高于雌蚌,而平均排氨率低于雌蚌,但均无显著性差异(P0.05)。本结果初步揭示了温度对雌雄紫黑翼蚌呼吸代谢的影响及昼夜变化规律,为提高其人工驯养成活率、池塘合理放养及雌雄生长差异研究提供理论参考。     

新疆阿拉尔灌区土壤次生盐碱化防治及其相关问题研究

土壤次生盐渍化是制约阿拉尔灌区农业生产发展的关键因子。在阐述产生土壤次生盐碱化的背景条件的基础上,作者以田间水盐平衡模型为依据较深入分析了灌区土壤盐分动态、盐碱化趋势及其效应问题;其次,根据区域水盐平衡理论估算区域尺度上的灌排比并探讨了排水的出路问题;最后,在综合分析的基础上,提出了基于可持续灌溉农业和遏制灌区农业副效应目标下的对策与建议。     

麦蛾茧蜂性比与寄主的关系

以印度谷螟幼虫为寄主测定麦蛾茧蜂的性比得知,茧蜂在大寄主上产卵多,子代雄性比低。母蜂能根据寄主大小主动控制产卵的性别。     

流域特征及景观格局对泥沙输移比的影响研究综述

泥沙输移比是目前预测流域产沙量的一种较实用的方法,它的确定受到很多因素的影响,其中流域特征和流域的景观格局是影响泥沙输移比的重要因子。从流域特征和景观格局两大方面对泥沙输移比研究进行综述,以期为我国开展土壤侵蚀及泥沙输移研究提供参考。     

电动多旋翼植保无人机升力特性综合测评方法

升力特性是电动多旋翼植保无人机性能测试的重要参数之一。为了实现对电动多旋翼植保无人机升力特性的性能检测,针对不同型号、不同规格的电动多旋翼植保无人机在评价过程中存在无统一的评价指标问题,该文提出了一种半系留式电动多旋翼植保无人机升力特性的测试与评价方法,包括性能检测平台、升力特性测试方法及指标、升力特性的评价方法。为了验证方法的可行性,对3种不同机型(分别为四旋翼机型Ⅰ、六旋翼机型Ⅱ、八旋翼机型Ⅲ)进行了升力特性指标的性能测试试验。试验结果表明:3种机型在功率载荷、重量效率、热效比等方面有较大差异,功率载荷最好的机型Ⅲ比最差的机型Ⅰ大7.6 m N/W,重量效率最好的机型Ⅰ比最差的机型Ⅱ大0.33,热效比最好的机型Ⅲ比最差的机型Ⅱ大10.5 N/℃,反映出3种机型在设计过程中整个动力系统效率、机型整体结构和材料选择上的差异,从而在整机作业性能上表现出差异。在上述指标测试的基础上,结合无人机动力系统数学模型,提出了运用功率载荷、重量效率和热效比进行电动多旋翼植保无人机升力特性综合评价的评分方法,对上述3种机型进行综合评分的结果为:机型Ⅲ机型Ⅰ机型Ⅱ,该结果表明所提出的评价方法能有效对不同类型电动多旋翼植保无人机的升力特性进行综合评判。该文所给出的测试与评价方法,不仅能用于电动多旋翼植保无人机性能的评测,还能为机型性能的进一步改进提供参考。     

Effects of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia on seed production in concrete tanks in Saudi Arabia

The influence of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus) brood fish on seed production in concrete tanks were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. A sex ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 (male: female) and a density of 2 fish m-2 gave the best result with respect to number of seed female-1 day-1 and number of seed kg-1-1 female day-1. Maximum seed production female-1 day-1 was recorded for 3-year-old females and the minimum for 1-year-olds, but in terms of seed kg-1 female day-1 and seed m-2 day-1, 1-year-olds produced the maximum number of seed followed by 2-, 3- and 4-year-old females. Seasonal pattern in seed production was apparently influenced by season and temperature. From the first harvest on 21 April 1993 the production increased gradually, reaching a peak during the third harvest and a second peak during the sixth harvest. Thereafter seed production gradually decreased, reaching a minimum during the tenth harvest on 27 October 1993. No seed were found during the last harvest of 18 November 1993. Maximum production coincided with the highest water temperature of around 28°C.     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

Remedies for pseudoreplication

Pseudoreplication is the failure of a statistical analysis to properly incorporate the true structure of randomness present in the data. It has been well documented and studied in the ecological literature but has received little attention in the fisheries literature. Avoiding pseudoreplication in analyses of fisheries data can be difficult due to the complexity of the statistical procedures required. However, recent developments in statistical methodology are decreasing the extent to which pseudoreplication has to be tolerated. Seven examples are given here, beginning with simple design-based remedies and progressing to more challenging examples including the model-based remedies of mixed-effects modelling, generalized linear mixed models, state-space models, and geostatistics.     

脲醛树脂胶粘剂的质量控制

对影响脲醛树脂胶粘剂质量的主要因素如摩尔比、PH值、二次尿素加入点、反应温度、反应时间及原料质量等进行了分析,评价并提出最佳控制范围。     

地温变化对管道输送5号轻柴油的影响

在地温较低的情况下,成品油管道顺序输送５号轻柴油时,容易出现管壁结蜡现象,使混油量增大,在分析了５号轻柴油质量数据和长输管道各段地温６变化的基础上,提出了“临界点”地温,给出了在“临界点”地温的条件下输送５号轻柴油时应采取的措施,为管道安全经济运行提供了保障。