Effects of apple pomace proportion levels on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility,preference and ruminal fermentation in beef cows

Four Japanese black beef cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square to evaluate the fermentation quality, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and preference of total mixed ration (TMR) silages prepared with differing proportions of apple pomace (AP). Experimental treatments were the control (no AP added, CAP), 5% (low, LAP), 10% (medium, MAP) and 20% (high, HAP) of TMR dry matter (DM) as AP. All TMR silages were well preserved. Ethanol was produced in silages containing AP and the amount increased with the proportion of AP (P < 0.05). Nutrient digestibility with LAP, MAP and HAP treatment was lower than that with CAP treatment (P < 0.05). The ruminal molar proportion of acetic acid increased (P < 0.05), but the ruminal ammonia‐N concentration decreased (P < 0.05) as the proportion of AP increased. The preference of the animals was highest for HAP, followed by MAP, CAP and LAP. This study demonstrates that decrease in nutrient digestibility might be related to the ethanol produced naturally from AP. Therefore, the proportion of AP in TMR silages should be less than 5% of dietary DM.     

非亲和性稻瘟病菌对水稻的诱导抗性

为研究稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae不同菌株间的相互作用,选择与单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M （携带抗性基因Pi5）表现为亲和性的菌株HN52与非亲和性的菌株HN119为研究对象,将其单独或混合接种到单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中,并通过荧光显微镜观察接种后水稻叶鞘的发病情况及病斑面积,测定接种后水稻内相关抗性基因OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10、OsMAPK2的表达量以及活性氧的变化。结果显示,相较于单独接种亲和性菌株,混合接种后单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M病斑发病面积减少;混合接种中亲和性菌株HN52菌丝侵染能力降低,侵染菌丝细胞间扩展率显著降低73.13%;同时单抗性基因系水稻IRBL5-M中OsWRKY45、OsNPR1、OsPR10和OsMAPK2抗性基因表达量显著增加,水稻叶片中活性氧含量增加,表明在菌株混合侵染过程中,非亲和性菌株可通过激发水稻的抗性反应来降低亲和性菌株对水稻的侵染程度。     

CO2-O2混合喷吹对铁液中C、V元素氧化的影响

为了验证用CO2替代部分O2进行转炉氧化提钒的可行性,在实验室进行了CO2-O2混合喷吹提钒模拟实验。结果显示C的氧化量与C的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高;V的氧化量随CO2含量的增加而降低,其中CO2含量为20%与纯O2对C、V的氧化量接近;纯O2喷吹时C的氧化量为34.56%,V的氧化量为96.85%;CO2含量为20%混合气体喷吹时C的氧化量为36.83%,V的氧化量为93.29%;以V的相对氧化量与C的相对氧化量的比值(ΔV/ΔC)来衡量提钒保碳能力,CO2含量为20%的最终ΔV/ΔC为5.96,CO2含量,40%、60%、80%的最终ΔV/ΔC均小于3.8;反应前期,V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而升高,反应后期V的氧化速率随CO2含量的增加而降低。     

Benign mixed Müllerian (duct) vaginal tumor in a 12-y-old goat

In human and veterinary medicine, mixed Müllerian tumors (MMTs) are rarely diagnosed neoplasms of the tubular female genital tract. Although there are case reports of malignant MMTs in various species, benign MMTs have only been described once in a macaque. Here we present a case of benign MMT in a 12-y-old goat, and review the literature on uterine, cervical, and vaginal neoplasia in goats. The doe was presented with vaginal discharge and was euthanized because of the high suspicion of intraabdominal neoplasia. On gross examination, an ulcerated vaginal mass was identified. Histologically, 2 distinct cell populations were present: smooth muscle cells that were well differentiated and positive for alpha–smooth muscle actin, and ciliated columnar epithelial cells that lined ductal structures and had no signs of malignancy. These findings led to the diagnosis of neoplasia of Müllerian origin. Benign MMT should be considered as a differential diagnosis for uterine and vaginal neoplasms in goats.     

现代低温物流与特色果蔬保鲜

以销定贮、定"流",多品种、多批次、小批量、小库容的贮运物流模式是对"以产定销,不定流"的计划经济时期果蔬物流模式的时代性理念和技术设施的一次革命."十五"国家科技攻关课题成果-XZH系列小单元组合式气调贮藏设备及相关技术,形成了特色果蔬"两多两小"的低温物流模式.它解决了在销区进行中长期贮藏的难题,克服了大帐气调贮藏方法的缺陷,还具有适用的广谱性,易于推广的特点,为提高食品安全性,使我国果农增收致富以及对我国的特色果蔬走向世界进行了有益的探索.     

复合磷酸盐对鲜切牛肉肌球蛋白凝胶保水性的影响

研究了焦磷酸钠(SAP)、三聚磷酸钠(STP)、六偏磷酸钠(HMP)及复合磷酸盐对牛肉肌球蛋白凝胶保水性的影响。结果显示,当复合磷酸盐中SAP,STP和HMP的质量比为2∶1∶1,添加量为0.2%时,可获得最佳的感官品质和较好的凝胶保水性,影响凝胶保水性因素的主次顺序为SAP>HMP>STP,且SAP和HMP对凝胶保水效果具有显著影响。     

Mixed cropping with ice plant alleviates the damage and the growth of cowpea under consecutive NaCl treatment and after the recovery from high salinity

We investigated the alleviative effects of mixed cropping using ice plant, which is one of the salt-accumulating halophytes, on the damage and growth inhibition of cowpea, which is not tolerant to high salinity. Three cropping patterns (mono cropping of cowpea and ice plant and their combination) were tested. The plants were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl for 14 days (consecutive NaCl). The plants were also treated with NaCl for 3 days, followed by 2 weeks (short-term recovery) and 1 month (long-term recovery) recovery. Salinity levels for short-term recovery were similar to those of the consecutive experiment, while the concentration of long-term recovery was 250 mM. The alleviative effects of mixed cropping in the consecutive NaCl experiment were observed at 200 and 300 mM NaCl. Mixed cropping significantly reduced the Na content in the cowpea leaves at 200 and 300 mM NaCl compared with mono cropping. In addition, the Na content in the soil of mix-cropped cowpea at 200 and 300 mM NaCl was statistically lower than that of the mono cropping. Mixed cropping was effective to recover from high concentration of NaCl in the experiments of short- and long-term recovery. These results indicate that mixed cropping with a halophyte could be effective in mitigating the damage and growth inhibition of a glycophyte not only under salinity but also under recovery periods.     

基于混合效应的湖南马尾松次生林单木生长模型

[目的]建立湖南省马尾松次生林单木断面积与材积生长模型,为林木的生长预估提供理论依据.[方法]以湖南省2014年一类清查样地中的20块马尾松次生林为研究对象,选取5个具有生物学意义的生长方程,建立马尾松断面积和材积随年龄变化的基础模型,在此基础上,加入以样地为随机效应的随机参数,构建基于混合效应的湖南马尾松次生林单木断...     

草本植物混播对公路边坡的防护效果研究

草本植物混播应用于高等级公路边坡防护,具有减少噪音、防冲减蚀和改善公路沿线生态环境的良好效果。播种当年地表植被覆盖度达89.5%以上,可分别减少径流、泥沙36.5%和82.7%以上,次年地表覆盖度可达95%以上,基本上无水土流失且对土壤的改良作用明显。其中百喜草(50%)+白三叶(50%)的效果最好,高羊茅(40%)+白三叶(40%)+多年生黑麦草(20%)的效果次之,多年生黑麦草(30%)+早熟禾(30%)+白三叶(40%)的效果居第三。