攀枝花烟区烤烟小苗育苗技术研究

[目的]为研究出适合攀枝花烟区的烤烟小苗移栽育苗方式.[方法]试验采取随机区组设计,开展不同漂盘和不同苗龄两因素试验.[结果]小苗育苗方式降低育苗成本76.6％;45 d的苗龄是最佳的小苗育苗苗龄;595穴/盘的漂盘规格最能提高育苗效率;不剪叶的小苗育苗方式极大地降低了烟株病害发生率：小苗育苗方式生产效益明显高于常规漂浮育苗方式.[结论]结合贵州、云南等地小苗移栽技术和攀枝花烟区的实际情况,总结出攀枝花烟区烤烟小苗移栽育苗方式,为小苗膜下栽培提供育苗方法,同时也是进一步寻求降低育苗成本、减少环境破坏、减少病害发生率、提高烟叶生产效益的新方法.     

黑龙江不同地区杨树扦插苗生长特性的比较

为选择出适宜黑龙江不同平原区的寒地杨树扦插品种,收集小黑杨、黑林5号杨（A5）、大青杨等22个杨树无性系进行不同地区杨树扦插苗生长特性的比较试验。通过各品种杨树扦插苗苗高、地径、木质化程度及病虫害指数分析比较,初选出适宜三江平原区的小黑14、德杂1号、美黑3号、J7、甜×小黑等5个杨树扦插品种,适宜松嫩平原区的A5、小黑14、钻×俄和J7等4个杨树扦插品种。     

七溪岭林场闽楠1年生苗与3年生苗造林效果分析

为研究闽楠造林苗木年龄与造林效果的关系,以江西永新县七溪岭林场相同立地条件下,裸地栽植1年生闽楠轻基质容器苗和裸地栽植3年生闽楠容器苗为研究对象,通过对造林3 a、4 a后林木树高、直径、鲜物质总质量等因子的分析,研究2种培育模式的效果及其机理。结果发现,栽植3年生闽楠苗与栽植1年生苗具有显著差异。因此,3年生闽楠容器苗造林具有较大的生长优势和显著的培育效果,优势苗木直接影响闽楠的造林效果。     

Root-associated fungi of healthy-looking Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings in Swedish forest nurseries

The aim of this study was to assess fungal communities in roots of healthy-looking Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings in nine forest nurseries in Sweden using a combination of traditional culturing and direct sequencing of internal transcribed spacer of fungal ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA) from the roots. Culturing from 1800 surface-sterilised root segments resulted in 2387 fungal cultures representing 42 different taxa. Direct sequencing from 180 root segments resulted in 119 ITS rRNA sequences representing 25 different taxa. In total, 55 different fungal taxa were detected using both methods. Although direct sequencing was more efficient than culturing in detecting different fungal taxa, both methods provided complementary information about fungal communities in roots since each detected rather different groups of fungi. The most dominant taxa detected by culturing were Trichoderma viride Pers. (19.5%), Phoma mucivora Davey & Currah (19.1%), Phialocephala fortinii Wang & Wilcox (17.4%) and Meliniomyces variabilis Hambl. & Sigler (10.2%), while Thelephora terrestris Ehrh. (26.1%), Unidentified sp. NS126 (25.2%) and Heliotales sp. C20 (10.1%) were most commonly detected by direct sequencing. In conclusion, results showed that forest nurseries in Sweden harbour diverse communities of fungi associated with the roots of healthy-looking P. sylvestris and P. abies seedlings. Although fungal communities were often dominated by saprotrophs and endophytes, several facultative pathogens were also detected indicating that under suitable conditions they may be a potential threat to the plants.     

墨西哥柏幼苗生长和光合生理对氮沉降的响应

选取2年生墨西哥柏幼苗为试验对象,以NH4NO3为外加氮源,通过模拟氮沉降试验,研究其生长和光合生理对氮增加的响应.结果表明:幼苗在高氮水平处理下其生长不断受到抑制,而在中氮水平处理下,幼苗生长不断得到促进.随着施氮浓度增加,墨西哥柏幼苗的根质量和根长均降低,表明氮处理抑制根的生长,分配到根部分的生物量下降.幼苗的净光合速率呈现出随氮处理浓度增加而先增加后降低的趋势,即中氮组的净光合速率最高,而高氮组开始逐渐下降.幼苗的水分利用效率变化趋势与净光合速率一致.幼苗叶片光合色素含量随氮处理水平增加而增加.说明短期内中氮水平对幼苗生长和光合作用影响最显著,而高氮水平对幼苗光合色素影响最显著.     

番荔枝苗木生长节律及生物量积累

通过对番荔枝苗木生长动态、苗木生物量积累和分配模式研究,建立了苗木的生长模型、连日生长量模型,并据此模型将番荔枝苗木生长进程划分为：生长初期、速生期、缓增期和停滞期。其中,苗高和地径在速生期间的生长量占全年总生长量的67.38％和70.33％。苗木生物量积累与苗高、地径的函数模型关系表明：全株干质量、地上干质量、全株含水量和地上部分含水量与苗高和地径显著相关。番荔枝苗木生长210 d 全株可积累干质量7.39 g,其中地上部分为4.86 g,地下部分为2.53 g,全株含水量是全株干质量的1.68倍。建议根据苗木不同阶段的生长特性提出相应的育苗技术措施。本研究为高效培育番荔枝优质苗木提供了科学依据。     

不同栽培方法对桉树组培苗生长的影响

采用随机区组设计,在桉树组培苗移栽中开展不同育苗容器、基质和根系处理的试验,三因子的各个处理间的苗高均存在极显著差异。多重比较结果表明:采用塑料袋或无纺布育苗容器、轻基质和假植后剪根移栽为移栽的最优条件,可获得最大苗高的桉树组培苗。采用直接移栽的桉树组培苗出现根系逆向生长和卷曲的几率则明显大于通过剪根处理培育的桉树组培苗。     

辽西地区枣树优良品种矮化密植丰产栽培技术研究

通过用创建的枣树矮化丰产高效栽培技术,对不同品种的枣树和枣树苗的大枣产量进行调查研究,结果表明院随着栽培时间增长,枣树矮化丰产高效栽培的不同枣树和枣树苗品种产量逐年提高,较传统枣树栽培技术的产量有大幅度提高。     

中性盐和碱性盐胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na₂CO₃)胁迫下,对采自河西走廊黑河中游的黑果枸杞进行种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,测定了发芽率(G_r)、发芽势(G_v)、发芽指数(G_I)、活力指数(V_I)和相对盐害率及幼苗的组织含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、电导率、丙二醛含量和POD含量等指标。结果表明,黑果枸杞种子萌发的NaCl、Na₂CO₃浓度的临界值分别是50 mmol·L^-1和2.5 mmol·L^-1,极限值分别是300 mmol·L^-1和100 mmol·L^-1;在NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫下,发芽率分别为69.17%和71.67%;幼苗组织含水量分别由对照的88.97%降低到56.17%、70.27%;可溶性蛋白质含量最大值分别为7.09%、7.73%;叶绿素含量分别由对照的1.27 mg·g^-1降到0.78 mg·g^-1、0.92 mg·g^-1;电导率分别由对照的25.63%增加到64.77%、74.8%;丙二醛含量分别由对照的1.5 μmol·g^-1增加到6.9、6.5 μmol·g^-1;POD活性分别由对照的380.4 U·g^-1·min^-1降低到139.2 U·g^-1·min^-1、192.7 U·g^-1·min^-1。黑果枸杞是盐生植物,低浓度的盐促进萌发,高浓度的抑制萌发;碱性盐更适合其生长;黑果枸杞幼苗在盐胁迫下的生理响应及生态适应综合表现出黑果枸杞更适于碱性盐生长。     

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Rice Seedlings Raised with Long Mat by Hydroponics: —Comparison with young seedlings raised in soil—

Summary

Growth and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings raised with long mat by hydroponics (SLH) were compared with those of young seedlings raised in soil (YSS). When SLH and YSS were raised under the similar environmental conditions, the dry weight of shoot in SLH was significantly lighter than that in YSS at the time of seedling harvest, whereas the shoot in SLH was as long as that in YSS. The increase of dry weight of shoot and the decrease of dry weight of grain were smaller in SLH than in YSS during the raising of seedlings. In addition, the content of soluble sugars in the grain of SLH was apparently lower than that of YSS, indicating that the supply of carbohydrates from endosperm to shoot was less in SLH than in YSS. Crop growth rate and mean leaf area index of SLH were lower than those of YSS, while net assimilation rate of SLH was similar to that of YSS. The size of leaf blades in SLH was markedly smaller than that in YSS, whereas no significant difference was observed in the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration in leaf blades between SLH and YSS. The results suggest that the leaf growth of SLH is reduced by the insufficient supply of carbohydrates from endosperm, and this is the major cause of lower levels of dry matter production in SLH as compared with that in YSS.