Neuroprotective Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Derived Fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera

Low molecular weight secondary metabolites of marine fungi Aspergillus flocculosus, Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium sp. from Van Phong and Nha Trang Bays (Vietnam) were studied and a number of polyketides, bis-indole quinones and terpenoids were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS techniques. Stereochemistry of some compounds was established based on ECD data. A chemical structure of asterriquinone F (6) was thoroughly described for the first time. Anthraquinone (13) was firstly obtained from a natural source. Neuroprotective influences of the isolated compounds against 6-OHDA, paraquat and rotenone toxicity were investigated. 4-Hydroxyscytalone (1), 4-hydroxy-6-dehydroxyscytalone (2) and demethylcitreoviranol (3) have shown significant increasing of paraquat- and rotenone-treated Neuro-2a cell viability and anti-ROS activity.     

Effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on Rumen Dry Matter Digestibility,Fermentation Parameters and Metabolites of Dairy Cows北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Bacillus amylolyticus on rumen dry matter digestibility, fermentation parameters and metabolites of dairy cows. Experiment 1: six dairy cows with permanent fistula and had the similar parity (2 to 3 fetuses), body weight [(662 ±57) kg], lactation days [(160 ± 22) d] and milk yield [(36.1 ±3.8) kg / d], were randomly divided into 3 groups with 2 cows per group. Using 3 ×3 Latin square design, each group was extra fed 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, the trial period was 3 periods, 13 days for each period, including 10 days for the pre-trial period and 3 days for the trial period. At the beginning of the trial period, the rumen dry matter digestibility of cows was measured by nylon bag method. Experiment 2: thirty dairy cows with similar parity [(2.5 ±0.3) fetuses], initial body weight [(559.2 ± 7. 4) kg], milk yield [(35. 2 ± 1. 5) kg / d] and lactation days [(99 ± 22) d] were randomly divided into three groups with 10 cows in each group. Cows in the 3 groups were extra fed with 0 (control group), 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus, respectively. The pre-trial period was 10 days and the trial period was 42 days. The rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the trial period, and the rumen fermentation parameters and metabolites were determined. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, 1) supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h (P <0.05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly improve the rumen dry matter digestibility of dairy cows at 36 and 48 h (P <0.05); 2) supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, total volatile fatty acid and microbial protein in the rumen of dairy cows (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 × 1010 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus could significantly increase the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in the rumen of dairy cows and significantly reduce the rumen acetic acid / propionic acid (P < 0. 05), supplementary feeding of 5 ×109 and 5 ×1010 Bacillus amylolyticus had no effects on rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content (P >0.05); 3) eleven metabolic pathways related to differential metabolites were detected, and ascorbic acid and alginate metabolism were significantly enriched (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, Bacillus amylolyticus can increase the rumen dry matter digestibility, and improve the rumen fermentation function of dairy cows by affecting the content of rumen metabolites. By comprehensive analysis, supplementary feeding of 5 × 109 CFU / d Bacillus amylolyticus can achieve better effect. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

两种弧菌对菲律宾蛤仔代谢途径影响的比较研究

采用基于核磁共振波谱技术的代谢组学技术,探索菲律宾蛤仔在受到鳗弧菌和灿烂弧菌感染的代谢物变化特征,构建菲律宾蛤仔对弧菌感染后的代谢网络调控图谱,并比较两种弧菌毒性效应的差异。试验结果表明,3种代谢物葡萄糖、谷氨酸、苏氨酸在两种弧菌感染时均发生了变化,表征鳗弧菌感染的代谢物为牛磺酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸;而表征灿烂弧菌污染的代谢物为甜菜碱、二甲基甘氨酸、胆碱、谷氨酸、亚牛磺酸。     

Suppression of ovarian progesterone production in dairy cows using an implant of GnRH-agonist (deslorelin) for the purpose of evaluating progesterone metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of an implant of a GnRH-agonist (deslorelin) to create a progesterone free animal suitable for studying progesterone (P4) metabolism in intact cows by measuring blood P4 and faecal P4 metabolites. METHODS: Experiment 1: Eighteen non-lactating cycling Holstein-Friesian cows, 4 to 7 years old, were allocated to one of three groups to study plasma P4 concentrations preceding an intravaginal insert. These groups comprised: i) a deslorelin group (GnRH-agonist implanted); ii) a PGF group receiving two injections of prostaglandin (PGF2alpha) 12 days apart; and, iii) an ovariectomised (OVX) group. An intravaginal device (CIDR) was inserted into the vagina of each animal and left in place for 11 days. Plasma P4 concentrations were measured during the study period. Experiment 2: Twelve non-lactating cycling Holstein-Friesian cows, 4 to 7 years old, were allocated to two groups: i) a deslorelin group (GnRH-agonist implanted); and ii) an ovariectomised group. Plasma P4 and faecal P4 metabolites (20-oxo-pregnanes, 20alpha-OH and 20beta-OH) were monitored for a period of 5 weeks. RESULTS: Experiment 1: Average plasma P4 concentration did not differ between the three groups (1.28, 1.43 and 1.55 ng/mL for deslorelin, OVX and PGF cows, respectively, P = 0.8) during the period of supplementation. Experiment 2: There was no difference in plasma P4 (mean plasma P4 < 0.02 ng/mL, P = 0.9) and faecal P4 metabolites between deslorelin and OVX cows 2 weeks after the implantation (P = 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: These data showed that a GnRH-agonist (deslorelin) implant may be used as an alternative to ovariectomy to create a progesterone free animal suitable for studying the metabolism of administered P4.     

Differences in metabolism of triploid and diploid Salmo trutta f. lacustris under acclimation conditions and after exposure to stress situations

Differences in metabolism (enzyme activities, metabolites) between diploid and triploid Salmo trutta f. lacustris were investigated under acclimation and stress conditions. Under acclimation conditions enzyme activities differed for 35% of the 27 investigated key regulatory enzymes and temperature optima for 23%. Muscle and liver metabolites related to energy metabolism and diagnostic indices of blood serum were similar, with exception of acetyl‐CoA being increased in triploids. Metabolic rate was lower and gill ventilation rate higher in triploids in comparison with diploids. During the tested stress situations (24 hr endurance swimming, 3 hr exposure to hypoxia in water with 32% oxygen saturation) muscle and liver glycogen decreased and serum and muscle lactate increased in both ploidy levels. Specifically, for triploids muscle adenylate energy charge and phosphocreatine levels decreased after endurance swimming and muscle and liver adenylate energy charge after exposure to hypoxia. Acetyl‐CoA increased in triploids during both stress situations. In summary, there existed differences in metabolism between the two ploidy levels and the energy metabolism of triploids was less balanced under stress.     

Alkaloids with Cardiovascular Effects from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium expansum Y32

Three new alkaloids (1, 4 and 8), together with nine known analogues (2, 3, 5–7, and 9–12), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium expansum Y32. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic and Mosher’s and Marfey’s methods, along with quantum electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Each of the compounds was evaluated for cardiovascular effects in a live zebrafish model. All of the compounds showed a significant mitigative effect on bradycardia caused by astemizole (ASM) in the heart rate experiments. Compounds 4–6 and 8–12 exhibited potent vasculogenetic activity in vasculogenesis experiments. This is the first study to report that these types of compounds show cardiovascular effects in zebrafish. The results suggest that these compounds could be promising candidates for cardiovascular disease lead compounds.     

核桃果皮对苹果蠹蛾为害的防御响应

目的 研究苹果蠹蛾为害后诱导核桃果皮产生的防御应答响应。 方法 采用紫外分光光度法与酶标仪微量法分析核桃果皮营养物质、次生代谢物质的含量,防御酶的活性以及苹果蠹蛾与核桃的互作关系。 结果 核桃果皮被苹果蠹蛾蛀食后可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白的含量随着时间推移逐渐降低,在为害24 h时可溶性蛋白含量与对照相比差异显著（P<0.05）;在为害48 h时可溶性糖与对照相比差异显著（P<0.05）。次生代谢物质胡桃醌、单宁的含量随时间的推移呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中胡桃醌在为害48 h时含量达到最高,为976.68 µg·g−1,是对照的1.44倍;单宁含量在24 h时达到高峰,为4.11 mg·g−1,是对照的1.33倍;类黄酮的含量呈逐渐上升趋势,在24 h时与对照相比差异显著（P<0.05）。在为害12 h时,CAT活性与对照相比差异显著（P<0.05）,在72 h时CAT活性达峰值,为55.97 U·min−1·g−1,是对照的1.45倍;POD活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,在72 h时达最高值,是对照的1.62倍;SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在24 h时达到峰值,为623.69 U·g−1,是对照的1.98倍。 结论 核桃果皮主要通过调节体内的营养物质、次生代谢物质以及防御酶活性的变化,对苹果蠹蛾的为害产生应激反应,进而发挥防御作用。     

喷施非嗜食植物汁液对温室白粉虱的影响

温室白粉虱取食广泛,寄主繁多,但它也有非嗜食植物。非嗜食植物对温室白粉虱可能有很好的控制作用。研究了4种植物的汁液对温室白粉虱的影响,结果表明,供试植物的汁液对温室白粉虱都有很好的控制作用,使温室白粉虱落卵量减少65%以上。非嗜食植物次生物质在温室白粉虱的控制中会有良好的前景。     

脂肪水平对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

早期断奶犊牛饲喂不同脂肪含量代乳品,研究脂肪水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标及饲料进食量的影响,为犊牛生长规律和脂肪需要提供科学依据,为实际生产中犊牛早期断奶和培育提供技术指导。试验选取12头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,分为EE9、EE13、EE17 3组,每组４头,分别饲喂蛋白质水平相同、脂肪含量为9%、13%及17%的3种代乳品。每日记录犊牛开食料的采食情况,并于犊牛10、20、30、40、50、60日龄清晨空腹测定犊牛体重及体尺指标,同时采集犊牛的血液样本进行分析。研究结果表明,3组犊牛哺乳期的饲料日进食量分别为706.9、666.9、569.3 g;10~60日龄的平均日增重分别为498、544、488 g,EE13组犊牛日增重高于EE9、EE17组的犊牛;犊牛60日龄时,EE13组犊牛的体高、体斜长及管围均高于其它2组。血清尿素氮、血糖、甘油三酯的水平不受代乳品脂肪含量的影响,但日龄对哺乳期犊牛甘油三酯含量的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。随日龄的增加,犊牛的生长速度和饲料的进食量逐渐增加,低脂肪的代乳品(EE9)不能满足犊牛的能量需要,高脂肪的代乳品（EE17）抑制了犊牛对开食料的采食量,饲喂脂肪含量13％的代乳品（EE13）对犊牛生长发育优于其它2组。脂肪含量对犊牛血清生化指标的影响不显著。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的方法改进

以GB/T 20752-2006中的实验方法为基础,对超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLCMS/MS)检测水产品中呋喃它酮(AMOZ)、呋喃西林(SEM)、呋喃妥因(AHD)和呋喃唑酮(AOZ)4种硝基呋喃代谢物的样品前处理方法进行了改进。试样用0. 2 mol/L盐酸溶液溶解后,经2-硝基苯甲醛衍生化,加入0. 1 mol/L磷酸氢二钾,混匀后用1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH约为7. 4。经乙酸乙酯直接振荡离心提取上清液,氮气吹干经超高效液相色谱串联质谱,采用正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果表明,四种代谢物回收率控制在90%～120%之间,RSD10%。实际样品分析结果显示,新的样品前处理方法简单、分析时间短、结果可靠,适合水产品中硝基呋喃代谢物残留的测定。