小麦耐热及热敏感基因型在高温胁迫下膜透性及膜脂组分的差异

高温逆境下,植物膜透性的增加导致细胞代谢紊乱并诱导热激基因表达.脂肪酸是构成生物膜的主要物质,饱和脂肪酸的含量及饱和程度高,有利于保持膜在高温时的流动性和稳定性.本研究利用小麦(Triticum aestivum)耐热基因型TAM107和热敏感基因型中国春(CS)为对象,研究了高温胁迫对膜透性、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、膜脂组分及其相关脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(FAD7)表达的影响,结果表明,高温胁迫下,两基因型膜透性均增加,膜脂中的三烯脂肪酸含量下降,但TAM107变化幅度明显高于中国春,在脂肪酸水平上说明耐热小麦品种的膜系统较热敏感品种对高温逆境有较强的耐受性;中国春比TAM107中FAD7的表达对高温更加敏感,这直接影响了热胁迫前后膜脂中三烯脂肪酸含量的变化,在转录水平上说明了耐热小麦基因型较热敏感基因型对高温逆境有较强的耐受性.三烯脂肪酸含量在热胁迫前后的变化可作为一种新的耐热鉴定指标.     

Analysis of amino acid uptake and translocation in Arabidopsis with a low‐cost hydroponic system

In soils, amino acids may be an important source of nitrogen for plants, at least in those where organic matter is not quickly degraded. The physiology of uptake of amino acids by roots was mainly studied in the 70's and 80's, before genes encoding amino acid importers were cloned in the 90's. While two families of amino acid transporters have been identified, yielding a total of about 100 genes, the role of each member is yet to be elucidated. As a tool for studying the role of amino acid transporters from Arabidopsis we set up a new hydroponic system suitable for radioisotope use. This system enables reproducible amino acid uptake by roots and estimation of the transport to the shoots of the amino acid taken up. We show that the rates of glutamine (Gln) uptake by wild‐type roots and transfer to the shoots were linear, and that other tested amino acids were translocated to the shoots with lower efficiency than Gln. A T‐DNA insertion mutant for a Gln exporter was compared to the wild‐type plants. Gln uptake and transfer were similar in both genotypes, showing that the suppression of the exporter did not affect uptake or transfer of amino acids to the shoots. The main advantage of the hydroponic system presented here is that all the materials used to grow Arabidopsis are virtually free and can therefore be discarded, a useful feature when working with radioactivity.     

壳聚糖涂膜处理对冷藏砂糖橘冷害和品质影响

为探究壳聚糖对砂糖橘果实冷害的影响,以1℃贮藏的砂糖橘为对象,对果实进行1.0%壳聚糖涂膜处理,以未涂膜的果实作为对照,研究了壳聚糖涂膜处理对果实贮藏品质和膜脂过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,1℃条件下采用1.0%壳聚糖处理砂糖橘可延缓果实冷害的发生,显著提高果实的好果率,同时可以抑制TSS、TA、Vc含量的下降;1.0%壳聚糖处理砂糖橘果实在低温下保持了较高的POD、CAT和SOD活性,壳聚糖处理抑制了果实MDA含量的上升。由此可见,1.0%壳聚糖处理可以降低砂糖橘果实由于1℃不适宜低温造成的膜脂过氧化,保持果实贮藏品质,减轻果实的冷害症状。本研究结果为减缓砂糖橘果实冷害提供了一定的理论依据。     

嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白（OMP）的原核表达及其对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护研究

为确定嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah)AS1.927株外膜蛋白(OMP)的原核表达产物是否具有抗原性及其对小鼠的免疫保护力.本研究根据GenBank上嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白ompA基因序列(GenBank登录号:AF146597)设计1对引物,克隆出ompA全长基因1020 bp(GenBank登录号:EU309491),经Sal Ⅰ和Xhol Ⅰ双酶切后连接pET-30a(+),转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia cDli)BL21,IPTG诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE及Westernblot分析鉴定.结果显示重组基因工程菌E.coli[pET-30a-ompA]表达的融合蛋白分子量约为40.7kD,可以被鼠抗嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白抗血清识别.将重组基因工程菌Ecoli[pET-30a-om-pA]口服免疫BALB/c小鼠(Mus mussulus);末次免疫1周后用放射免疫分析小鼠肠粘膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)水平,检测结果揭示,该重组基因工程菌能提高sIgA的分泌(P<0.05);同时在小鼠血清中测出特异性抗体IgG(P<0.05).末次免疫2周后用100 LD50的Ah AS1.927(3.3×105> cfu/mL)腹腔注射攻击小鼠,口服重组菌对小鼠的相对免疫保护力(relative percent survival,RPS)为75%,表明重组基因工程菌可诱导小鼠对AhAS1.927产生一定的免疫保护作用.     

大豆油脂产品质量安全追溯体系的构建

为建立大豆油脂产品质量安全追溯体系,以油脂产品各环节的实际生产为基础,利用ASP.NET,SQL Server系统软件,建立了大豆生产信息及加工过程中关键控制点数据库,构建了追溯体系。实现了不同终端客户利用不同的查询途径即可获得大豆油脂产品的追溯查询信息,以及对大豆油生产、流通、消费、服务等过程的全程监管和经营责任的追溯愿望。     

茶皂素的陶瓷膜纯化工艺优化及脱色研究

茶皂素是一种性能优良的天然非离子型表面活性剂,但目前使用的多为粗提物,纯度不高且含有大量色素,水溶液颜色较深,严重影响其应用范围。通过正交试验对茶皂素的纯化工艺进行了优化,结果表明,在0.05μm的膜孔径、0.1 MPa的操作压力和1%的料液质量分数下,样品纯度由原先的不到50%提高到83%,得率为69%。对油茶皂苷的脱色工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件为:H2O2加入量9%,料液质量分数10%,pH值9,脱色温度70℃,脱色时间30 min,工艺简单易行,适宜工业化生产。     

种植密度对雪茄烟膜脂过氧化特性及烟叶质量的影响

为探究不同种植密度对雪茄烟叶生理生化特性和品质的影响,确定四川雪茄烟适宜的种植密度,以德雪一号为供试材料,测定了成熟期田间微气候、烟叶膜脂过氧化程度、抗氧化酶活性和烟叶产质量等指标。结果表明,随着种植密度的增大,烟田温湿度增大,烟叶所受光照强度降低。成熟期温度与烟叶膜脂过氧化程度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数在0.52~0.85之间。同一时期内烟叶丙二醛（MDA）含量随种植密度增大呈先降后升趋势,抗氧化酶活性呈先升后降趋势。种植密度为21 000株/hm²时抗氧化酶活性最高,过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在打顶后28d达到最高,分别为61.6U/(gFW·min)和123.0U/(mg·min),超氧化物歧化酶活性在打顶后21d达到最高,为755.8U/g,打顶后35d MDA含量为25.3mmol/g,膜脂过氧化程度最低。调制后烟叶总糖含量增至1.86%,烟碱含量为3.02%,钾氯比高达9.21,化学成分较为协调,感官评吸得分最高,烟叶产值与茄衣烟比例较常规种植密度24 000株/hm²分别提升了0.9万元/hm²和7%。综上所述,21 000株/hm²为四川省雪茄烟适宜的种植密度。     

油菜覆膜打孔穴播机打孔装置设计与试验

为实现油菜等小粒径作物覆膜种植中膜上均匀打孔的功能,针对传统膜上成穴装置结构庞大复杂、工作时易黏土挑种及撕挑地膜等问题,设计了一种法兰式滚轮与螺纹式圆锥型锥钉组合式结构的打孔装置,确定了其主要结构参数范围;构建了打孔装置运动学模型,分析了打孔锥钉关键点的运动轨迹,确定了膜上打孔过程,并基于轨迹方程分析了膜孔尺寸参数;运用ADAMS运动学仿真,采用四因素三水平正交试验方法,以打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径、打孔滚轮半径、机组前进速度为试验因素,以膜孔长度、膜孔间距偏差为试验考核指标,进行了打孔装置结构和运动参数的仿真试验。仿真结果表明:影响膜孔长度的因素主次顺序为打孔滚轮半径、打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径、机组前进速度;影响膜孔间距偏差的因素主次顺序为打孔滚轮半径、机组前进速度、打孔锥钉顶角、打孔锥钉直径;基于参数优化,获得较优参数组合为:打孔锥钉顶角53°、打孔锥钉直径16 mm、打孔滚轮半径65 mm、机组前进速度4 km/h。以打孔装置较优结构参数组合进行了田间验证试验,结果表明:打孔装置所打膜孔形状较规则,普遍呈类圆形状,膜孔长度均在18 mm以上,膜孔间距较为均匀,与仿真结果基本一致;各行膜孔长度一致性变异系数为4.98%,各行膜孔间距均匀性变异系数为3.44%。结果表明试验参数组合选取合理,打孔装置符合设计要求。     

Egg quality determination based on the shape of the lipid vesicle in common dentex, Dentex dentex

The shape of the lipid vesicle (the ratio between the maximal and the minimal diameter and the shape coefficient) of the eggs of Diplodus puntazzo and Sparus aurata is correlated with larval survival rate (%) and can be used as an egg quality marker as reported previously by Lahnsteiner and Patarnello (2005) . In the present study, this method for egg quality determination has also been validated for common dentex, Dentex dentex, after introducing several modifications in the calculation and evaluation procedure in order to obtain higher sensitivity. In the present study, it could be demonstrated that the shape of the lipid vesicle is not only correlated with the hatching rate but also with the survival rate of 1, 2 and 3 days post hatch larvae and therefore it can also be used as an indicator of larval viability at early stages of development.     

Contribution of microorganisms to the biofilm nutritional quality: protein and lipid contents

The nutritional quality of biofilm, a microbial community associated to an organic matrix, was evaluated in artificial substrate (polyethylene screen) in net cages during 30 days in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. During this period, samples of biofilm were collected each 5 days for analysis of chlorophyll a, microorganisms abundance, dry weight, protein and lipid contents. During the study, chlorophyll a varied from 0.38 to 2.75 μg cm^?2; dry weight between 7.16 and 17.63 mg cm^?2; protein content from 0.43 to 1.76 mg cm^?2 and lipid concentration between 1.21 and 4.23 mg cm^?2. The variation of lipid in the biofilm was closely related to the abundance of free heterotrophic bacteria (34.25–56.54 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2), filamentous cyanobacteria (7.5–15.9 × 10⁶ filaments cm^?2), flagellates (6.92–12.89 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2) and mainly nematodes (29–1,414 organisms cm^?2), while protein content varied similarly to the abundance of unicellular centric diatoms (52.10–179.81 × 10³ cells cm^?2), and nematodes. This information will allow a better management of food supply to raised aquatic organism with the utilization of natural productivity in the culture systems, with considerable decrease in production costs.