持续冷热环境对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和解偶联蛋白mRNA表达的影响

本试验研究了不同环境温度(10~30℃)持续14 d对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和禽类解偶联蛋白(av UCP)mRNA表达的影响。试验选取21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡288只,随机分到6个人工环境控制舱中,每个舱饲养6笼,每笼8只鸡作为1个重复。预试期7 d,温度22℃,相对湿度60%。28日龄时将各环境控制舱温度分别逐渐(1 h内)调到10、14、18、22、26和30℃,相对湿度60%,温湿度均保持恒定直至试验结束。正试期14 d。结果表明:1)试验期内,30℃组的体重(BW)显著低于14~26℃组(P<0.05);22~30℃组平均日采食量(ADFI)随温度升高而显著下降(P<0.05);10~30℃组平均日增重(ADG)随温度升高出现先升高后下降的趋势,在22℃时最高;料重比(F/G)随温度升高呈现先下降后升高的趋势,22℃时最低;平均日饮水量(ADWC)在10℃组最低。2)试验第14天,26℃组血糖水平显著低于18℃组(P<0.05);肝糖原水平在各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);22℃组肌糖原水平显著低于10、26和30℃组(P<0.05)。3)试验第14天,18、22℃组av UCP mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,从生产性能和能量利用效率考虑,28~42日龄AA肉鸡的适宜养殖温度为22~26℃。     

生态文明建设的科学内涵与基本路径

目的研究糖芥萌芽期及苗期耐盐特性。方法以不同的温度(15、20、25和30 ℃)测定糖芥种子的最适发芽温度,并在此温度条件下,以不同质量浓度的氯化钠(NaCl)、碳酸钠(Na₂CO₃)及混合盐(NaCl+Na₂CO₃)溶液[0 (CK)、1、2、3、4、5和6 g/L]模拟盐胁迫环境,测定其萌芽期的发芽指标及苗期的部分形态和生理指标,借助回归方程评价其耐盐性强弱。结果(1) 糖芥种子的最适发芽温度为20 ℃,发芽率为86.67%。(2) 最适发芽温度条件下,随着盐质量浓度的增加,NaCl胁迫下糖芥种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及幼苗的鲜质量、干质量呈先升后降的趋势,根长、茎长、总长和含水量呈下降趋势;混合盐胁迫下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和幼苗的根长、茎长、总长整体呈下降趋势,鲜质量、干质量和含水量总体呈先升后降的趋势;Na₂CO₃胁迫下的所有测定指标均呈下降趋势。3种盐处理的种子复水后均有复萌现象。(3)由回归方程可知：混合盐胁迫下糖芥萌芽期及苗期的临界质量浓度最高,分别为7.26和5.48 g/L,NaCl次之,Na₂CO₃最低。结论糖芥萌芽期及苗期对混合盐环境具有较强的适应性,可作为耐盐观赏花卉加以开发利用。     

Settlement behavior of American lobster (Homarus americanus): effect of female origin and developmental temperature

The benthic settlement success of American lobster (Homarus americanus) postlarvae is a key factor in population dynamics, with the temperature being a key factor. Given the spatial distribution of the species, its pelagic larvae probably encounter various thermal zones during development. Little information is available on the ability of lobster larvae to acclimate to temperature or if this ability varies among geographic areas. The main objectives of this study were to characterize (i) the settlement behavior of the postlarvae in relation to (a) temperature during larval development and (b) the geographic origin of the maternal parent and (ii) the behavioral response of postlarvae with different thermal histories in the presence/absence of a thermocline. Results did not support the hypothesis of thermal adaptation among local populations, as settlement behavior of postlarvae did not differ among females from different geographic regions. In contrast, larval survival and settlement behavior and postlarval energetic conditions varied with development temperature. Behavioral plasticity in the benthic settlement was observed in relation to temperature structure of the experimental water column. This study suggests that there may be links between development temperature and the natural variability in survival and settlement of American lobsters. Findings emphasize the need for an integrated approach in lobster recruitment studies with the inclusion of behavior in dispersion models.     

高温胁迫对拔节期水稻光合作用和蒸腾速率的影响

为进一步了解高温对水稻生长的影响机制,为水稻的田间管理提供理论依据,以拔节期镇稻6号为试验材料,对其进行1d、3d和5d的昼间(10:00-15:00)高温(35～40℃)处理,之后转入28℃条件下恢复2d,以28℃未处理水稻为对照,研究较长时间高温处理及常温恢复对水稻光合作用及蒸腾速率的影响.结果表明:昼间高温处理,水稻叶片净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO2浓度日变化呈先下降后上升的趋势,在中午13:00达到最低点,并且随处理时间的延长逐渐降低;气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化呈先上升后下降趋势,在中午13:00达到最高点,并随处理时间的延长逐渐升高;短时高温处理(5 d)后常温恢复2d,上述指标即可恢复.结论:夏季高温对拔节期水稻光合作用造成影响,且主要是由非气孔限制因素引起的;蒸腾作用增强是降低叶温的生理机制.     

四川省草地贪夜蛾世代区划

为明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda在四川省不同地区的发生世代,本文根据四川省2019年、2020年草地贪夜蛾虫情及2010年-2019年近10年气温数据,利用有效积温法则对四川省草地贪夜蛾发生世代数进行预测,并运用ArcGIS进行Kriging插值分析,获得四川省草地贪夜蛾世代区划.结果表明,基...     

黑色高光生漆涂料的制备工艺及性能研究

为了研究黑色高光生漆涂料的各项性能,本试验选取5个产地天然生漆与调制黑料按不同比例混合和调制,以搭配比例、干燥温度与湿度为变量,对生漆涂料的干燥时间、物理机械性能、耐温及耐化学腐蚀性能进行测定,通过正交优化和多因素方差分析,各因素的影响程度为湿度≥温度≥含量≥搭配比例,在1 kg含量为71％的生漆搭配50％的黑料和2.02的助剂,调制出的黑色高光生漆涂料在温度为25℃、湿度85％时干燥时间最短为22.6h.与传统推光漆的性能进行比较,干燥时间变短,性能更加优越.     

草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith)对非洲和南亚国家的入侵已对全球粮食安全造成重大影响,该虫2018年年底已在缅甸形成虫源基地,并零星进入中国云南西南部地区。本文利用历史数据分析了缅甸和华南地区春、夏两季(3-8月)925 hPa夜间平均风温场,并模拟预测了缅甸地区草地贪夜蛾在此期间进入中国的迁飞轨迹以及主要降落和波及的地区。结果表明:3-4月盛行的微弱西风不利于远距离迁移,但成虫的自主飞行可形成对云南和广西局部地区的近距离入侵;进入5月份后,随着西南夏季风的加强,云南和广西全境成为缅甸虫源的主要迁入地,并可能波及贵州、广东、海南和湖南等省。因此,4月份之前要重点监控云南和广西地区草地贪夜蛾的发生与为害,此后,应将监控区域扩大至中国中南部地区的各个省份。     

1971-2014年新疆区域寒潮气候特征

利用1971-2014年新疆105个台站逐日最低气温资料,分析了新疆寒潮天气的时空变化特征.结果表明:①新疆单站寒潮北疆多、东疆次之、南疆少,阿勒泰地区发生频次最高,其次是哈密北部、巴音布鲁克和塔城大部地区,南疆中西部地区发生频次最少.新疆区域寒潮天气冬季最多、秋季和春季次之,2月发生频次最高;春季寒潮主要集中在3-4月,秋季寒潮主要在10-11月.②新疆寒潮影响区域主要在北疆地区,其次是东疆、南疆东部,南疆西部影响次数最少.春季主要影响区域为北疆东部、沿天山一带和南疆东部;秋季为东疆、北疆沿天山以及北疆东部和北部地区;冬季为北疆东部和沿天山一带.③新疆区域寒潮过程一般持续3～7d,过程极端最低气温主要出现在寒潮爆发当天或次日,极端气温出现时间延迟天数不超过4d.寒潮过程最低气温24 h平均降幅在10.7℃,最大19.3℃,单站最大25.3℃;寒潮过程平均降温14℃,最大达18.8℃,单站最大32.7℃.     

Cervix–rectum temperature differential at the time of insemination is correlated with the potential for pregnancy in dairy cows

This study sought to establish whether temperature gradients between the cervix, vagina, and rectum at and 7 days post-artificial insemination (AI) were associated with the incidence of pregnancy in lactating dairy cows (Experiment I; n = 90 ovulating cows) and to evaluate temperature gradient dynamics from the time of insemination to 7 days post-AI under heat stress conditions (Experiment II; n = 16 ovulating and 4 non-ovulating cows). In Experiment I, 39 cows (43.3%) became pregnant. The odds ratio for pregnancy was 2.5 for each one-tenth of a degree drop in cervical temperature with reference to the control rectal temperature at the time of AI (P = 0.01), whereas the same decrease in the cervix–rectum temperature differential 7 days post-AI resulted in an odds ratio of 0.44 (P = 0.02). In Experiment II, 5 of the ovulating cows (31.3%) became pregnant. The mean values of the vagina–rectum, vagina–cervix, and cervix–rectum temperature differentials at AI (day 0), 8 h, 24 h, and 7 days post-AI changed significantly from day 0 to day 7 (within-subject effect; P < 0.02) in ovulating cows but not in non-ovulating cows. Temperature differentials on days 0 and 7 were similar between ovulating cows and cows of Experiment I. Overall, our findings support the notion that a temperature differential between the caudal cervical canal and rectum at AI may be an indicator of the likelihood of pregnancy. Possible prospects of confirming estrus at the herd-level are also suggested.     

大白菜开花的温度反应特性研究

 以大白菜自交系03s205，03s206为试材，研究了温度对大白菜抽薹开花的影响。结果表明，随着2℃种子春化时间的延长，从播种到开花的时间缩短，叶片数减少。从春化开始到现蕾的总计天数来看，春化15 d的处理所需时间最短。而未经春化的对照处理则不能开花。在8℃和10℃条件下，03s205和03s206均能通过春化，但10℃条件下要求更长的持续时间。8℃处理15 d就可开花，而10℃处理要25 d才能通过春化。苗期35℃的持续高温可使春化15 d和24 d的材料发生春化逆转，但对苗龄大于12 d的植株无效。而18 h 23℃和6 h 35℃交替温度下，春化15 d的大白菜不发生春化逆转，仍能够开花。