远红外碳纤维发热板设计仔猪保育箱的应用效果研究

为研发更为合理有效的断奶仔猪保温设备,提高养猪效益,采用远红外碳纤维发热板加热,温控器控温以及木箱箱体和聚氯乙烯门帘保温组合方式对普通仔猪保育箱进行了改进,并通过对比试验考察该设备的应用效果。结果显示:与对照组相比,断奶前期试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了9. 51%(P<0. 01)和10. 44%(P=0. 06);腹泻率、腹泻频率分别降低33. 0%和42. 9%(P>0. 05);免疫球蛋白G (Ig G)较对照组提高6. 75%(P>0. 05);日平均温度提高2. 3℃(P<0. 01),日平均湿度降低2. 6个百分点(P<0. 01);每圈日平均耗电量降低90. 2%(P<0. 01)。结果表明:改进后的保育箱可显著提高断奶初期日采食量,具有提高仔猪日增重、免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻的趋势,升温和保温效果明显,节能高效,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

基于界限温度的贵德木本花卉观赏期确定

近年来,贵德县以生态为本、旅游为基,大力发展观光农业,为了做好观光农业的气象服务,选取贵德三河地区观光农业中主要种植的月季和牡丹两种木本花卉,应用贵德1961~2016年国家基本站观测资料,通过文献查证花卉的开始生长至开花期的气象指标,分析贵德地区月季和牡丹开始生长至开花期相关的界限温度,确定出贵德地区月季和牡丹萌芽期,利用积温法确定出开花期的积温指标,确定出最佳赏花期,以便提高各特色观光园中花卉的种植,来延长园中花卉观赏期,游客选择各花卉的最佳观赏期,提高观赏效果。     

Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood

The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the gas composition and acid-base values of bovine venous blood samples stored at different temperatures (+4, 22 and 37 degrees C) for up to 48 h. Five healthy cattle were used in the study. A total of 15 blood samples collected from the animals were allocated into three groups, which were, respectively, then stored in a refrigerator adjusted to +4 degrees C (Group I, n=5), at a room temperature of about 22 degrees C (Group II, n=5) and in an incubator adjusted to 37 degrees C (Group III; n=5) for up to 48 h. Blood gas and acid-base values were analysed at 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h of storage. A significant decrease (p<0.001) was found, in the pH of the refrigerated blood after 5 h and its maximum decrease was recorded at 48 h as 0.04 unit. There were also significant alterations (p<0.001) in the blood pH of the samples stored at room temperature and in the incubator after 2 and 3 h, respectively. The maximum mean alteration in pCO(2) value for Group I was -0.72 kPa during the assessment, while for groups II and III, maximum alterations in pCO(2) were detected as +2.68 and +4.16 kPa, respectively. Mean pO(2) values increased significantly (p<0.001) for Group I after 24 h and for Group II after 6 h, while a significant decrease was recorded for Group III after 24 h (p<0.001). Base excess (BE) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)) fractions decreased significantly for all the groups during the study, compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, acid-base values of the samples stored at 22 and +4 degrees C were found to be within normal range and could be used for clinical purposes for up to 12 and 48 h, respectively, although there were small statistically significant alterations.     

高温对猪采食量的影响机制及应用的研究进展

采食量是保证猪生产性能充分发挥的关键因素。温度对猪的采食量影响较大。温热恒定机制是调节猪采食量的主要方式,环境温度通过改变猪与环境的热交换而影响其采食量,且影响最为明显。作者阐述了温度对猪采食量的调节机制、温度对采食量的影响等研究进展。     

超氧化物歧化酶在苜蓿抗寒锻炼过程中的作用

对苜蓿Medicago sativa抗寒锻炼过程中膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性进行测定,通过苜蓿组织冰冻半致死温度(LT50)说明在抗寒锻炼过程中苜蓿抗寒性的变化。结果表明,在不同低温处理下,苜蓿叶片和根茎组织电解质透出率呈现出S型曲线变化。抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿组织LT50从9月初的-6.9℃下降到11月初的-15.6℃,下降了8.7℃。随着秋季气温的下降,苜蓿叶片SOD活性显著增加,11月上旬达到最高峰,此后显著下降。这说明SOD在抗寒锻炼过程中起着重要的保护作用,当苜蓿获得抗寒能力后,SOD活性逐渐下降。在抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿根茎SOD活性的变化与叶片中SOD活性的变化规律不一致,苜蓿根茎中SOD活性水平显著高于叶片中的SOD活性水平。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果显示,不同苜蓿品种具有6条共同的SOD同工酶酶带。适应高寒地区气候条件的当地材料同德杂种苜蓿表现出与其他苜蓿品种较大的特异性。抑制试验表明苜蓿SOD为CuZn-SOD。     

Effect of environmental factors and changes in the body condition score on the onset of the breeding season in mares

Several methods have been proposed to advance the onset of the breeding season in horses. Most of them are based on the exposure to an artificial lighting period combined with hormonal treatments. Mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod are most often housed indoors where the ambient temperature is often higher than the outside temperature. Mares held in barns are also exposed to different daylight intensities than horses kept outside, depending on the architecture. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of ambient temperature, daylight intensity and changes in body condition score (BCS) on the timing of first ovulation after winter anestrus in mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod. Mares (n = 211) were housed in barns with different ambient temperature and daylight exposure but with the same artificial photoperiod exposure (except for a natural photoperiod control group). Artificial photoperiod as well as an increase in BCS over the winter significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The BCS at the start and end of the anestrus period did not have an effect on the interval to first ovulation and neither did the modest increase in ambient temperature in the barn. However, a higher light intensity during the daytime significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The results of this study suggest that exposure to more sunlight advances the onset of the breeding season. This effect is likely mediated through the biological effect of short wavelength blue light and its impact on melatonin suppression and biological rhythms. We suggest that greater/direct exposure to the blue light component of daylight improves the response to the artificial photoperiod. The results of the present study can further assist to optimize the conditions that lead to an efficient spring transition of breeding mares.     

低温胁迫对结缕草抗氧化酶活性和脂肪酸含量的影响

为探讨不同纬度来源结缕草（Zoysia Willd）对低温的响应,本研究以两份结缕草种质LT-40（高纬度）和LT-22（低纬度）为材料,分析了适温（30℃/25℃）、亚适温（18℃/12℃）、冷害（8℃/2℃）和冻害（2℃/-4℃）4种温度对叶片电导率（Electrolyte leakage,EL）、叶绿素和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性、叶片脂肪酸含量及不饱和指数的影响。结果表明,随着温度的降低,EL增大,叶片中叶绿素含量降低、MDA含量升高,且在LT-22中变化更大;叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性均随着温度的下降而逐渐升高,且在LT-40中表现更为显著;低温下叶片中棕榈酸含量呈下降趋势,而硬脂酸含量只在LT-40叶片中显著下降,棕榈油酸和油酸含量在LT-40叶片中显著低于对照,而亚麻酸含量在LT-40叶片中却显著高于对照,不饱和指数在LT-40叶片中显著高于对照。高纬度来源的结缕草在低温胁迫下具有较高的抗氧化能力和较好的质膜稳定性,因而其耐寒性更好。     

区域尺度下气候因子的插值优化及其与草地NPP的相关性

利用甘肃省及周边42个气象站点的气象数据和154个草地样地地上生物量（风干质量）实测数据,在AMMRR插值方法的基础上,加入坡度、坡向两个变量,对甘肃省1996－2005年的年均温和年降水量、不同季节温度和降水量进行空间模拟,并分析了甘肃省年均温和年降水量的空间分布格局,以及草地净初级生产力(NPP)对年均温、年降水量和不同季节温度、降水量的响应。结果表明,1）相对其他插值方法,引入了坡度、坡向等微观地理因子的AMMRR插值方法,可充分体现甘肃省的年均温、年降水量受地形影响的微观变化,更符合实际情况。2）除冬季外,草地NPP与不同时期的温度之间均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）,与不同时期的降水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,而且与降水量的相关性明显高于温度。     

栗蚕卵发育起点温度和有效积温的测定

栗蚕(Dictypoea japonica)是珍贵的野生泌丝昆虫资源。对解除滞育的栗蚕卵分别通过15、18、21、24℃恒温处理暖种,测定栗蚕卵的发育起点温度为(10.2±0.6)℃、孵化有效积温为(181.7±11.6)℃.d,表明一旦给予越冬后解除滞育的栗蚕卵9.6℃以上的温度条件,就可能使其开始发育,当有效积温达到170℃.d时便可孵化。该结果可作为栗蚕卵的人工越冬保护及暖种技术处理的理论依据之一。     

晚秋温度对苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的影响

通过对9个不同苜蓿Medicago sativa品种地上部游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和POD活性的研究,揭示晚秋温度变化对上述指标变化的影响,结果表明：9月10日-10月10日,随着温度的降低,3种不同秋眠类型的苜蓿地上部游离脯氨酸含量都呈上升趋势,其中高度秋眠类型苜蓿的变化幅度最大;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部可溶性糖变化趋势有所不同,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿变化幅度比较剧烈,说明在贮藏类营养物质方面,低度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿更为敏感,二者变化趋势恰好相反,中度秋眠类型苜蓿介于二者之间;不同秋眠类型苜蓿地上部过氧化物酶（POD）活性都经历逐步上升的趋势,中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿POD活性变幅相对于低度秋眠类型大,说明中度和高度秋眠类型苜蓿地上部对于气温的变化更敏感。