Cold temperature/Biodur®/S10/von Hagens'—Silicone plastination technique

Plastination is a late 20th century preservation methodology which replaces tissue fluid within a specimen with a curable polymer, such as silicone. Plastination yields superb, beautiful, well‐preserved specimens each with their own unique qualities. Silicone polymer is used around the world to preserve macroscopic cadavers or portions/organs thereof. Plastination was conceived by Dr. Gunther von Hagens, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany prior to 1977. Silicone polymer was the primary polymer which emerged initially for plastination. The Biodur^® line of silicone polymer and additives was chosen and manufactured because it has consistently produced the best plastinates since the inception of plastination. Since the discovery of silicone, generic and similar silicone polymers are known and used around the World by many industries and used in numerous products. The plastination process has four steps: Specimen preparation, Specimen dehydration and degreasing, Vacuum‐forced impregnation of specimens and Specimen hardening.     

Effect of storage temperatures and duration on quality of prepared chicken breast with paprika oleoresin

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of storage temperatures and time on discoloration and oxidation of prepared chicken breast with paprika oleoresin. Freshly prepared chicken breast containing paprika oleoresin was stored at ?2, ?10, ?18°C, and an oscillating temperature between ?10 and ?18°C (?10/?18°C). A significant decrease in redness was detected at ?2, ?10, and ?10/?18°C. The lowest TBARS values and carbonyl contents were observed in the samples stored at ?18°C for 5 weeks. Also, the values of sulfhydryl groups gradually decreased with the increase in storage temperatures and duration. The results suggest a positive correlation between the loss of redness and oxidation in all samples. The findings indicated that the discoloration and oxidation of prepared chicken breast added with paprika oleoresin were inhibited significantly when stored at ?18°C.     

高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪判别复原乳和超高温灭菌乳

采用高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪,结合化学计量学方法,利用非靶向代谢组学方法,对超高温灭菌乳和复原乳进行检测。牛乳样品经过前处理后,经过C18色谱柱分离,采用FullScan模式进行一级全扫描,扫描结果通过数据预处理后,导入SIMCA-P14.1软件中进行主成分分析和偏最小二乘方差判别分析。结果表明:正、负离子模式下共找到14种判别超高温灭菌乳和复原乳的表征因子,进一步通过这14种表征因子建立区分2种乳的判别模型,通过该判别模型能够准确地区分超高温灭菌乳和复原乳,为复原乳的判别提供理论依据。     

Regional and circadian variations of sweating rate and body surface temperature in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

It was the aim of this study to investigate the regional variations in surface temperature and sweating rate and to visualize body thermal windows responsible for the dissipation of excess body heat in dromedary camels. This study was conducted on five dromedary camels with mean body weight of 450 ± 20.5 kg and 2 years of age. Sweating rate, skin and body surface temperature showed significant (P < 0.001) circadian variation together with the variation in ambient temperature. However, daily mean values of sweating rate, skin and body surface temperature measured on seven regions of the camel body did not significantly differ. The variation in body surface temperature compared to the variation in skin temperature was higher in the hump compared to the axillary and flank regions, indicating the significance of camel's fur in protecting the skin from daily variation in ambient temperature. Infrared thermography revealed that flank and axillary regions had lower thermal gradients at higher ambient temperature (T_a) and higher thermal gradients at lower T_a, which might indicate the working of flank and axillary regions as thermal windows dissipating heat during the night. Sweating rate showed moderate correlation to skin and body surface temperatures, which might indicate their working as potential thermal drivers of sweating in camels.     

影响猪精子介导基因转移效果的因素研究

为优化猪精子载体法技术参数,利用荧光定量PCR、荧光显微镜检测和精液常规检测方法,分析不同DNA转染剂、不同孵育温度和不同形态DNA对猪精子转染外源DNA的影响。结果表明,PEI和TransFast转染剂能极显著提高猪精子转染效果,且PEI优于TransFast,而NanoFect转染剂包裹DNA不能转染精子。随着转染温度的升高,精子的活力和活率均明显下降,而转染率和内化外源DNA量基本保持稳定,而吸附外源DNA量呈下降趋势。环状DNA和线性化DNA在与精子共孵育后,两者的精子活力、活率、转染率和内化外源DNA量差异均不显著,精子吸附线性化DNA量极显著高于环状DNA量。综合分析表明,外源DNA形态对猪精子转染效果无显著影响;PEI和TransFast能够显著提高猪精子转染效果;共孵育温度以17℃为最佳,本结果为开展精子载体法制备转基因猪研究提供了基础试验依据。     

A Comparative Study of Non-contact Infrared and Digital Rectal Thermometer Measurements of Body Temperature in the Horse

Equine body temperature taken with a non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) does not correlate well with the equine body temperature taken with a digital rectal thermometer (DRT), when it comes to absolute temperatures. There is significant variation in body temperature readings depending on the site at which the temperature was taken. NCIT may still may have, in that it does seem to be able to reliably detect when temperatures are more than that which is clinically normal, and does not seem to give falselyelevated readings in clinically normal horses. In horses that resent having their temperatures taken rectally, the NCIT seems to offer the equine clinician a quick and easy way to at least determine whether the horse's temperature is at or more than normal, even if it does not agree with DRT results.     

假俭草体细胞抗寒突变体的获得及其SRAP分子鉴定

假俭草抗寒性差是限制其广泛应用的主要因素之一。本研究目标是以优良假俭草选系E-126为材料,经低温诱导和筛选获得体细胞抗寒突变体。结果表明,假俭草种子诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养的过程中,经0℃的低温条件下培养26 d,获得了2块存活的愈伤组织,该愈伤组织经过继代增殖后,进行分化、生根和移栽,获得株系1和株系2。苗期外部形态观察结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1、株系2和对照在叶色、叶毛、叶长和叶宽上均没有显著性差异。半致死温度分析结果表明,株系1、株系2以及对照叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)分别为-6.646,-6.546和-5.351℃,处理与对照之间差异显著,且都低于对照,但株系1和株系2之间无显著性差异。SRAP的结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1和株系2在110,230以及240 bp处均存在相同特征带,表明假俭草体细胞突变体植株的变异稳定且在分子水平与对照存在差异,但株系1和株系2无差异。因此,株系1和株系2可作为同一体细胞抗寒突变体株系加以利用。     

4种禾本科牧草苗期抗寒性综合评价

为了探究西藏野生禾本科牧草对低温胁迫的适应性,本研究以西藏野生垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb）、赖草（Leymus secalinus Tzvel）、紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）和栽培品种黑麦草（Lolium perenne）为试验材料,比较分析其幼苗在—10℃～5℃低温条件下叶片丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、可溶性糖（Soluble sugar,SS）含量、游离脯氨酸（Free proline,Pro）含量、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性的变化。结果表明：随着低温胁迫的加剧,所有供试材料叶片MDA含量呈上升趋势,SS含量、Pro含量、POD活性和SOD活性呈先升高后降低趋势,其中黑麦草Pro含量在0℃达到峰值,其他3种指标在—5℃达到峰值,3种野生禾草的各指标均在—5℃达到峰值。采用隶属函数法对各材料进行综合评价并分级,结果表明垂穗披碱草和紫花针茅抗寒性最强,划分为Ⅰ级,赖草抗寒性中等,划分为Ⅱ级,黑麦草抗寒性最弱,划分为Ⅲ级。     

胚胎期高温处理对家蚕生长发育及部分经济性状的影响

用 3 4℃、RH80 %的环境处理 2 0余个家蚕品种的己 + 2 期胚胎 ,结果表明 :高温处理对某些品种的幼虫经过、幼虫体重、全茧量、茧层量等有明显影响 ,对健康性、茧层率无明显影响 ,对丝质无实质影响 ;高温处理对家蚕生长发育和经济性状的影响纯种间存在差异 ,杂交种受影响比纯种小。因此认为 ,高温处理对家蚕生长发育、经济性状的影响不会成为伴性温敏基因和雄蚕品种利用的限制因素 ,部分不良影响可以通过常规育种手段加以解决     

影响紫花苜蓿花药培养因素的探讨与分析

从外植体的选取时期及处理、培养基及激素组合、培养条件等多方面分析,影响紫花苜蓿花药培养的因素,并对花粉植株倍性鉴定、驯化移栽和花粉植株的遗传稳定性进行了初步探讨。