Urban permeability for birds: An approach combining mobbing-call experiments and circuit theory

The urban matrix was recently shown to be a mosaic of heterogeneous dispersal habitats. We conducted a playback experiment of mobbing calls to examine the probabilities of forest birds to cross a distance of 50 m over urban matrix with different land-cover types in an urban area. We treated the reciprocal of the crossing probabilities as a movement resistance for forest birds. We drew resistance surfaces based on the land-cover maps of urban Sapporo. We applied a circuit theory to examine the relative role of a detour route consisting of a riparian corridor and urban matrix for dispersing forest bird individuals from continuous forest to an isolated green space in the midst of an urban area. Our results showed that wood cover had the highest crossing probability, while open land (grassland and pavement) had the lowest probabilities. Buildings and water surface displayed an intermediate probability. Resistance surfaces and flow maps at 25- and 50-m resolutions were very similar and suggested that dispersing individuals are likely to use the intervening building areas that dominate the urban matrix rather than detour through riparian corridors. Our results showed the useful combination of experimental approaches and circuit theory, and the importance of the spatial configuration of corridors, as well as the composition and management of dispersal habitats, to landscape connectivity.     

基于参与性调查的密云水库周边农户对生态环境保护的认知与响应

通过参与性农户评估的调查方法对密云水库周边地区877户农户对信息来源途径、环境保护认识、生态补偿意愿,期望与机会成本、移民意愿与补偿等方面进行分析研究,并针对存在的主要问题提出了相应的对策建议。保护水库周边地区生态环境,需要通过拓展农户信息来源途径,大力普及生态知识,增强农户环境保护意识,引导农户依托当地的旅游资源和北京郊区的区位优势,发展生态环保的都市农业。     

海盐县秦山街道结球甘蓝滞销情况分析

2011年海盐县秦山街道结球甘蓝出现罕见的滞销现象,菜贱伤农,引起社会的广泛关注。借助实地调研资料,透彻剖析滞销的深层原因,并提出相应的对策和建议。     

玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管道的应用性能

玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管是一种多层结构高性能柔性复合管,具有质量轻、抗腐蚀能力强、承压能力强、制作长度长、可弯曲、施工简易、维护方便、节能环保、使用安全系数高的优点,因此整体使用成本较低,有望逐步取代钢制管道,用于石油天然气的开采和输送.建模分析了玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管的力学性能,根据不同要求设计了6种玻璃纤维增强连续塑料复合管道,并实施爆破试验,结果表明:实际爆破压力与理论设计压力基本相同,压力范围为5.5～25 MPa,可以满足实际生产需求.     

Tracing Sediment Sources Using Mid‐infrared Spectroscopy in Arvorezinha Catchment,Southern Brazil

The widespread adoption of the sediment fingerprinting approach to guide catchment management has been limited by the cost and the difficulty to prepare and process samples for geochemical and radionuclide analyses. Spectral properties have recently been shown to provide a rapid and cost‐efficient alternative for this purpose. The current research objective was (i) to quantify the sediment source contributions in a 1∙19‐km² rural catchment of Southern Brazil by using mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and (ii) to compare these results with those obtained with geochemical approach and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy methods. The sediment sources to discriminate were cropland surface (n  = 20), unpaved roads (n  = 10) and stream channel banks (n  = 10). Twenty‐nine suspended sediment samples were collected at the catchment outlet during nine significant flood events. The sources could be distinguished by MIR spectroscopy. Cropland and channel bank sources mainly differed in their clay mineral contents, but their similar organic matter content complicated the MIR‐model predictions. Unpaved road contributions were discriminated from the other sources by their lower organic carbon content. When the results of the current research based on MIR spectroscopy are compared with those obtained using other sediment fingerprinting approaches, based on geochemistry and near‐infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, an overestimation of channel banks contribution and an underestimation of cropland and unpaved road contributions is found. These results suggest that MIR spectroscopy can provide a useful tool that is non‐destructive, rapid and cheap for tracing sediment sources in rural catchments and for guiding the implementation of soil and water conservation measures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈施工图预算审查方法

阐述了工程造价的审核内容，提出了工程造价预算审核的几种方法。     

对辽宁西部沙棘园营造技术的探讨

文章主要针对辽西地区沙棘园的建设,提出了沙棘园的营造技术环节及注意的问题,具体阐述了从选地、整地、土壤、种苗,栽植和管理等技术措施。     

浅谈造价工程师在监理工作中的地位和作用

在监理工作中配备既懂工程技术又懂经济、管理和法律知识,具有实践经验和良好职业道德素质的复合型人才一造价工程师,是非常必要的.     

以三合镇为个案论我国乡镇政府行政成本问题

对安徽省阜阳市颍州区三合镇2003～2007年行政成本总量的变化进行了分析,指出该镇行政成本相对偏高及其具体表现。剖析了产生该问题的原因,并提出控制我国乡镇政府行政成本的对策,旨在促进政府行政效率的提高。     

湿地生态系统价值评价方法研究

较为系统地介绍了湿地生态系统价值的评价方法,并指出它们的优缺点和适用条件,对今后的湿地生态系统价值评价研究有重要的指导意义。