爱玉子雌雄品系搭配研究

在10个雌株品系、35个雄株品系中,根据对爱玉子雌株品系和雄株品系的挂果开口期、挂果数量及果型的研究,筛选并培育互相搭配的爱玉子雌、雄品系,为爱玉小蜂与爱玉子共生生态系统的形成提供一套爱玉子雌雄优良品系搭配模式。     

榨菜胞质雄性不育系叶片超微结构的比较

与相应保持系比较,榨菜胞质雄性不育系全生育期叶片的叶绿素含量偏低,低温时期尤为明显.不育系的细胞器发育明显滞后,其莲座期叶片的叶绿体发育不良,呈椭圆形,基粒片层少,不及同期保持系的发达,内部较少积累淀粉粒,线粒体脊少,活性弱,内质网不发达;但到瘤状茎膨大期,不育系叶片的叶绿体发育程度接近保持系,呈梭形,基粒片层清晰发达,线粒体活性也增强;至抽薹期,不育系及保持系叶片的超微结构均呈退化状态,细胞器内膜降解、消失,线粒体空泡化,叶绿体内积累大量的淀粉颗粒.     

水稻两用核不育系育性转换与温度的相关分析

在贵阳对8个籼型水稻两用核不育系进行了间期为10－15d的分期播种，以套袋自交结实性作为育性考查指标，结果所有核不育系都有稳定不育期和可育或部分可育期表现，且育性转换明显。稳定不育期的长短因不育系不同而有差异，范围在5－33d。自交结实率与日平均气温之间的相关性表明，所有不育系都在幼穗发育的一定阶段内对温度表现敏感，大多数不育系的温度敏感时期在抽前7－24d，培矮64S在抽穗前17－30d。不同不育基因供体来源的不育系对温度敏感时期和持续时间长短存在着差异，同一不育基因供体来源的不同不育系之间，其育性对温度敏感时期和持续时间长短也不相同。     

渝矮籼型水稻核不育花粉细胞学观察

渝矮籼型核不育水稻,由于花药毡绒层细胞在单核期间迅速解体,造成花粉营养供应障碍而导致败育,属典败型花粉。     

Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

不同类型杜仲雄花茶活性成分的含量测定

采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量,探讨不同原料生产的杜仲雄花茶活性成分含量差异。结果表明,杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮、绿原酸及京尼平苷含量分别为1.89%～6.22%、0.06%～2.81%、0.06%～2.09%;不同类型杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量有所差异,以花朵为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中总黄酮含量和绿原酸含量均为最高,以花蕊为原料生产的杜仲雄花茶中京尼平苷含量最高,发酵杜仲雄花茶中各类活性成分含量均偏低。本研究可为开发不同保健功能杜仲雄花茶提供理论依据,有利于进一步推动杜仲雄花资源的开发利用。     

萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期的研究

利用人工气候箱研究了萍乡显性核不育水稻临界温度值及其温度敏感期。试验结果表明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻纯合不育株和杂合不育株育性转换的临界值均为27℃～ 28℃, 说明高温诱导萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换不存在显性不育基因的剂量效应; 萍乡显性核不育水稻育性转换温度敏感期在花粉母细胞形成期至减数分裂期, 即抽穗前18～ 12 d;同时, 讨论了该不育材料的实际应用问题。     

水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S低温下育性表达规律研究

藉人工气候室的人控光温条件 ,对两系杂交水稻不育系培矮 64S在 2 2 .0～ 2 3 .0℃的低温下的育性表达规律进行了连续 2年的跟踪研究。主要结果如下 :1) 2 3 .0℃的低温仅能导致培矮 64S花粉不育度的明显降低 ,而 2 2 .5℃和 2 2 .0℃的低温则不仅能导致花粉不育度的下降 ,而且还能诱导一定程度的自交结实 ;2 )培矮 64S的育性温度敏感终止期为幼穗分化第 6期 (花粉母细胞减数分裂期 ) ,育性温度最敏感期为幼穗分化第 4～ 5期 (雌雄蕊形成期至花粉母细胞形成期 ) ;3 )培矮 64S具有光敏性 ,其临界光长处于 13 5 0～ 13 .3 8h之间 ,光敏温度范围为 2 3～ 2 8℃ ;4 )对于农艺性状已经稳定的高世代培矮 64S而言 ,其控制育性表达的遗传基础尚不纯 ,表现在来源相同的不同株系间或同一株系内不同单株间在低温下育性表达存在显著的差异 ,且低温强度加大 ,这种差异就更为明显     

Introgression of Gene for Non-Pollen Type Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility to Thai Rice Cultivars

For the two-line hybrid rice system, pol en sterility is regulated by recessive gene that responds to temperature. The recessive gene controlling thermo-sensitive genetic male sterility （TGMS） is expressed when the plants are grown in conditions with higher or lower critical temperatures. To transfer tgms gene（s） control ing TGMS to Thai rice cultivars by backcross breeding method, a male sterile line was used as a donor parent while Thai rice cultivars ChaiNat 1, PathumThani 1, and SuphanBuri 1 were used as recurrent parents. The BC2F2 lines were developed from backcrossing and selfing. Moreover, the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were developed for identifying tgms gene and the linked marker was used for assisting selection in backcrossing. The identification lines were confirmed by pol en observation. The results showed the success of introgression of the tgms gene into Thai rice cultivars. These lines will be tested for combining ability and used as female parent in hybrid rice production in Thailand.