贮前温度处理对草莓果实贮藏特性的影响

研究了贮前不同温度处理对草莓果实贮藏特性及软化的影响。结果表明，以贮前50℃预热处理30min和5℃预冷处理30min的果实腐烂率最低；2种处理均能抑制果实呼吸强度的上升、果实中脱落酸（ABA）的生成、生长素（IAA）的下降、纤维素酶活性的上升，并延缓果实硬度的下降。     

低温刺激对杏鲍菇栽培效率的影响

以杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii Quel.)出菇菌袋为材料,研究低温刺激对杏鲍菇出菇的影响,以建立一套出菇快速集中的高产出菇模式。结果表明,4~8℃下处理剥离塑料袋的菌袋2~3 d,可缩短菇原基形成时间,提高原基形成集中度与第一潮菇生物转化率;4~8℃下,菌丝4~6 d的后熟作用可使菇原基形成集中度提高至72.7%~76.3%,第一潮菇生物转化率提高至115.4%~121.4%;菌丝后熟作用4 d后,在低温处理前给予50~70 mg/L赤霉素(GA)处理对产量有促进作用。     

基于材料透气性参数的食品真空冷却过程中温度分布的理论研究

分析了真空冷却过程中食品温度分布不均匀的原因。以各向同性的理想食品作为研究对象,通过引入食品材料透气性参数,将食品内部点的汽化转化为食品表面的汽化,推导出真空冷却过程中食品各部分温差的表达式。在此基础上,探讨了各相关参数对温度分布的影响。结果表明：食品的比热容、沸腾系数和密度影响温度下降的速度,但是对达到预定温度时的总温差没有影响;提高食品的透气性参数值和减小食品内部点到表面的最短距离,可以减小温差;可以通过调节真空室的压力变化,提高食品温度分布的均匀性。     

Analysis of Yangtze River Water as a Potential Source for Developing a Water Source Heat Pump in Chongqing

Characteristics of smoke flow and fire spread in a patio space of a high-rise building were studied to investigate their influences on fire compartment and safety evacuation. Fire development model was established and fire scenarios were designed to simulate fire and smoke spread by CFD software numerically based on concepts of fire performance-based design in a high-rise building with double patio space, whose height are 74. 65 m and 55. 95 m, respectively. Simulation results show that in all fire scenarios, performance targets for safety evacuation for people in each floor was satisfied, if smoke was extracted naturally using the patio space. Hang walls mounted in corridors around the patio space prevent smoke flowing out smoothly, shorten the coming of the risk time and increase fire danger. Using chimney effect, it is preferred to adopt natural smoke exhaust method in a high rise building with patio space.     

Laboratory and on‐farm evaluation of low‐cost salt mixtures for use during salinity acclimation and the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The current study evaluates the efficacy of a low‐cost salt mixture (LCSM) to replace expensive reconstituted sea salt (RSS) in the salinity acclimation and nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp under laboratory and farm conditions. LCSM was formulated to yield sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations closely comparable to that of diluted seawater. Laboratory‐based nursery trials were conducted at 2, 6 and 15 g/L salinities, incrementally replacing RSS with LCSM (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four replicates per treatment. Thirty postlarvae were reared for 7 days in 24‐L aquaria during the 2 and 6 g/L trials, while the nursery trial for 15 g/L salinity was conducted for 21 days with 400 postlarvae stocked in 150‐L tanks. On‐farm evaluation of LCSM was carried out in two tank‐based systems installed on levees adjacent to shrimp production ponds. RSS was incrementally replaced with LCSM (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 100 postlarvae stocked into each 800‐L tank. Salinity acclimation was done from 30 g/L to 6 or 1.5 g/L within 2–3 days by pumping water from adjacent shrimp production ponds. Following salinity acclimation, the S4 system maintained flow‐through at 1.5 g/L, while N10 system was maintained static at 6 g/L salinity. At the conclusion, no significant differences were observed for either survival or growth of shrimp postlarvae between RSS and LCSM treatments at all salinities examined. Results reflect the potential use of LCSM to replace RSS, which could be an excellent solution to bring down the cost of production in inland shrimp aquaculture.     

温室喷雾-水膜降温系统研究

为了解决夏季温室高温问题,研制了温室喷雾-水膜降温系统,本文论述了该系统的结构及性能,讨论了各种有关因素对降温效果的影响,喷头和水膜材料的选择依据及其光谱特性。试验表明:采用该系统用纤维膜作水膜材料,室内温度可降低7～8℃,比室外温度低3～4℃,湿度提高,室内温度随之上升;通风率与侧窗开启程度有关。     

四川盆地及盆周山区玉米地方种质耐低磷胁迫研究

以来自四川盆地及盆周山区的22个玉米地方种质为材料,在低磷胁迫下对苗期缺磷症状,成株期株高、穗行数、百粒重、行粒数以及穗粒重等性状表现进行了研究。结果表明,低磷胁迫对玉米的主要农艺、经济性状均有不同程度的影响,其中对苗期缺磷症状及成株期穗粒重的影响最大,且不同玉米地方种质在苗期和成株期对低磷胁迫的反应不同,以苗期缺磷症状和成株期穗粒重的耐低磷胁迫系数的平均值作为耐低磷综合指数,能较好地反映玉米地方种质的耐低磷胁迫能力。将耐低磷综合指数按最短距离法进行聚类,可将22个玉米地方种质划分为三类。其中,第一类材料包括:汉源红包谷、汉源白包谷、汶川二白、江北大板牙,占鉴定总数的18.2%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.81以上,属于对低磷胁迫不敏感基因型;第二类材料包括南充秋子等4个玉米地方种质,占鉴定总数的18.2%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.73~0.77之间,属于对低磷胁迫反应中间型;第三类材料包括小金金皇后等14个地方种质,占鉴定总数的63.6%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.73以下,属于对低磷胁迫敏感基因型。     

Relationship of blood corticosterone, immunoglobulin and haematological values in young crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) to water temperature, clutch of origin and body weight

Objective To examine whether sub-optimal temperature induced stress and immunosuppression in farmed saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) hatchlings. Design A clinico-pathological study. Animals A total of 140 hatchlings were used. Procedure Body weight and length, plasma corticosterone and immunoglobulin concentrations and total and differential white blood cell counts were measured in 140 hatchlings from five clutches divided between five water temperature treatment groups. Initially all groups were housed at 32°C for 10 weeks, then two groups (L, LC) were changed to low temperature (28°C) and two groups (H, HC) to high temperature (36°C), while one group (C) remained at 32°C. The LC and HC groups were maintained at these temperatures for 10 days, after which the water temperature of both groups was returned to 32°C. Blood samples were collected twice (at 6 and 9 weeks of age) before the initial temperature change, and at 10 days and 4 weeks after the initial temperature change (at 11.5 and 14 weeks of age). Results Except for an increase in plasma corticosterone in the HC group and a decrease in the L group when the temperature change was first introduced, changes in plasma corticosterone were not significant. There were no significant changes in immunoglobulin concentrations. There were, however, significant decreases in the total white cell and lymphocyte counts in the LC group after the temperature was decreased to 28°C, and an increase in these counts after water temperature was returned to 32°C. Clutch of origin had significant effects on body weight and length gains, and there were negative relationships between body weight and corticosterone concentrations and between body weight and immunoglobulin concentrations. Conclusions As haematological changes indicative of stress were not associated with significant changes in serum corticosterone, immunosuppression in young crocodiles may be independent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis.     

The Influence of In-situ Stress Gradient and Geothermal Temperature on The Calculation of Coalbed Gas Pressure

On the basis of coal seam having outcrop of coal seam and outlet on ground,the method for calculating coalbed gas pressure from the one-dimensional stable gas flow equation by considering deeply the influence of in-situ stress gradient and geothermal temperature is presented. In some mine, the theoretically computing and measuring results of coalbed gas pressure show that the in-situ stress gradient and the geothermal temperature have important influence on the calculation of coalbed gas pressure, and if the factors are drew into the calculation of coaled gas pressure,it will make the results much more accurate.     

低温弱光对西葫芦叶片解剖结构的影响

研究了不同温度和光照条件对西葫芦幼苗叶片解剖结构的影响。研究结果表明,低温弱光处理使得西葫芦叶片上下表皮细胞密度、细胞直径、气孔密度以及气孔长度均变小,叶片厚度变薄,栅栏组织厚度及叶片厚度均减小,海绵组织也变得更为疏松,栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值减小,细胞间隙变大。