低磷胁迫下不同基因型棉花生理和形态的响应差异

盆栽条件下,选用18个不同基因型棉花品种,研究2个磷水平:适磷P(KH_2PO_4 1.00×10^-3 mol·L^-1)处理和低磷P 0(KH_2PO_4 0.01×10^-3 mol·L^-1)处理对棉花幼苗的磷利用效率、叶绿素含量、地上地下鲜重和干重及形态特性的影响。试验结果表明:棉苗地上部鲜重、地上部干重、总干重、总叶面积、叶绿素含量和磷利用率等指标在不同磷处理水平和不同基因型品种间都存在着显著或极显著差异,可作为研究品种耐低磷能力的性状指标;各性状相对值变异系数的大小顺序为:总叶面积>地上部干重>总干重>地上部鲜重>叶绿素含量>磷利用率;根据相对值表现及聚类分析表明:中棉所42号、新陆早19号和鲁研棉28号在低磷和适磷处理的比较中,各测定指标的综合表现良好,能够很好的适应低磷胁迫条件,属于耐低磷基因型品种。     

硝酸镧浸种对低磷胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长的影响

采用1/2 Hongland缺磷营养液模拟低磷胁迫的方式,利用水培法研究了在低磷胁迫下,不同浓度硝酸镧(0,20,50,100 mg·L^-1)浸种对2个品种(保红8824-17和白红4号)红小豆幼苗地上部分生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,硝酸镧浸种增加了2个品种红小豆幼苗的株高、叶面积、鲜重、干重和根冠比、降低了茎粗,但2个品种随硝酸镧浓度增加表现的趋势不一致;随着硝酸镧浓度增加,保红8824-17的POD活性呈先升高后降低的趋势、SOD活性表现出先降低后升高的趋势,白红4号的SOD活性的变化趋势为下降,POD活性的变化趋势为上升;2个品种MDA含量都表现为随浓度的增加而先降低后升高,当浸种浓度为50 mg·L^-1时达到最低值;随着浸种时硝酸镧浓度的增加,保红8824-17的叶绿素含量的变化趋势为先增大后减小,白红4号的叶绿素含量持续增大。综上所述,用硝酸镧对红小豆进行浸种可缓解低磷胁迫对红小豆幼苗生长产生的影响,最适浸种浓度为50 mg·L^-1。     

-1℃贮藏下不同品种设施蓝莓果实耐储特性的比较

以天津蓟州区8个蓝莓品种为试材,通过-1℃下贮藏70 d内果实8项指标的变化,研究了不同蓝莓品种的耐贮性。结果表明:各指标显著下降时的贮藏天数分别为果实硬度贮藏至第14天,维生素C和花青素含量贮藏至第35天,好果率和可溶性糖含量贮藏至第42天。说明果实硬度最先下降。可溶性固形物、总酚和类黄酮含量均呈先增加后下降。贮藏70 d后,各品种的好果率逐渐下降,但都在80%以上;硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量下降了20%~49%、7%~36%、18%~41%;维生素C、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量分别下降了28%~53%、6%~40%、29%~74%、20%~54%。"布里吉塔"的各项指标均最高(除类黄酮外),"蓝金"的类黄酮最高。隶属函数综合分析显示耐贮性由高到低依次为"布里吉塔">"蓝金">"莱克西"="北陆"="蓝丰"="瑞卡">"奥尼尔">"伯克利"。     

以色列社区花园发展及其对中国的启示

以色列社区花园作为城市农业的一部分,在发挥着生态作用的同时,也具有生产功能与社区融合的功能。现对以色列社区花园的发展背景、管理体制以及多样性功能进行了分析,并总结了其对我国城市社区花园发展的启示,以期引导我国社区花园的有序发展。     

毛乌素沙地不同林型下土壤肥力综合评价

土壤理化性质是评估林下土壤肥力重要指标;土壤肥力差异影响植被分布、演替轨迹等;探究土壤肥力质量,以期为鄂尔多斯地区毛乌素沙地人工造林树种选择、科学经营森林等提供参考。以鄂尔多斯地区毛乌素沙地杨柴(Hedysarum mongolicum)、藏锦鸡儿(Caragana tibetica)、沙地柏(Sabina vulgaris)、柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)、沙柳(Salix linearistipularis)5种典型林型下土壤为研究对象,选取土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量等指标作为评价土壤肥力因子,基于隶属度函数法对数据标准化,确定各项指标隶属度值,采用主成分分析法确定各指标权重,结合隶属度值及权重值,应用综合评价法对不同林型下土壤进行综合肥力评价,利用内梅罗指数法和综合评价法得出结论辅助验证。结果表明:1)研究区土壤pH变化范围为7.31~10.46,均值为8.35。2)7项因子对不同研究区综合土壤肥力贡献率依次为全钾(0.177)>速效磷(0.148)>铵态氮(0.138)>速效钾(0.134)>有机质(0.127)>全磷(0.099)>全氮(0.057)。3)不同林型下土壤应用综合评价法和内梅罗指数法确定土壤综合肥力质量变化趋势一致,依次为杨柴林>藏锦鸡儿林>沙地柏林>柠条锦鸡儿林>沙柳林。研究区土壤整体属于碱性土壤;土壤中全钾含量较高,对林地土壤肥力贡献率最高;土壤全氮、全磷含量较低,是林地土壤肥力主要限制因子;杨柴林林下土壤肥力较高,相较其它林分立地条件较好。     

小花蝽在不同植物上的种群密度

2010―2016年通过人工栽培小区试验,系统调查了33科152种植物上小花蝽复合种群发生动态。多年调查结果表明：除黄柴胡外,其余151种植物上均有小花蝽发生,但小花蝽的种群密度在不同调查年度的植物种类上差异较大。小花蝽种群发生密度最高的植物是蓝蓟,其次是芥菜、硫华菊、荞麦、紫花苜蓿、红麻、陆地棉等有大量蚜虫及开花周期较长的植物。本研究明确了农田生境中小花蝽发生密度较高的候选功能植物,为下一步利用植物多样性促进农田小花蝽种群的保育及控害功能提供科学依据。     

Soil organic carbon fractions and humic substances are affected by land uses of Caatinga forest in Brazil

Caatinga is a Brazilian dry ecosystem that occupies around 1 million km² and is one of the largest tropical dry forests of the world. About 46% of the area that was originally covered has been deforested. Land use can cause pronounced reduction in soil carbon stocks that play a major role in the global carbon cycle. The objective of this study was to improve our understanding of the effect of land use on oxidizable carbon fractions, total carbon stocks and humic substances in different layers of soil in a Brazilian semi-arid region. We analyzed soils from tropical dry forest (TDF), forest succession with Anadenanthera falcata (ANA), with Tabebuia alba (TAB), secondary scrubby regeneration (SCR), and non-irrigated maize (MS). Forests showed larger fractions of more labile carbon, except for TDF. The most recalcitrant fraction of carbon stock, humin fraction stock, with the different land use decreased by 38–53% compared to TDF. Oxidizable carbon fractions, carbon stocks, and humic fraction stocks were able to differentiate the successional land uses and agricultural cover from TDF, mainly in the 0–5?cm layer. Our results show that changes in land use, especially with ANA forest succession, showed a larger labile carbon fraction, indicating easy decomposition and loss. Our results provide an alternative tool for the management of deforested areas in tropical dry caatinga ecosystems. This would contribute to the conservation of dry forest systems and could serve as guideline for sustainable management of agriculturally impacted caatinga areas.     

Heme oxygenase-1 protects renal function in septic rats via influencing expression of thrombomodulin

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on the kidney of septic rats and the influence of HO-1 on the expression of thrombomodulin (TM) in the kidney. METHODS: Sepsis in rats was developed with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The septic rats were randomly divided into sham group, CLP group, CLP+HO-1 inducer group and CLP+HO-1 inhibitor group (n=18). The plasma levels of creatinine (Cr), cystatin-C (Cys-C), carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TM, and the changes of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in each group were measured. Histopathological examination was performed in the kidney. The expression of TM in the kidney tissue was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, significantly elevated plasma levels of Cr, Cys-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and TM (P<0.05), shortened PT and APTT (P<0.05), significantly increased microthrombus formation, and lowered TM expression in the kidney (P<0.05) of CLP group were observed. The administration of hemin lowered the plasma levels of Cr, Cys-C, TNF-α, IL-1β and TM (P<0.05), prolonged PT and APTT (P<0.05), attenuated microthrombus formation, and up-regulated the expression of TM in the kidney (P<0.05). In contrast, ZnPP had the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: HO-1 increases the expression of TM in the kidney and exerts anticoagulatory and antiinflammatory effects, thereby improving renal function in the septic rats.     

Cigarette dust particles induced lung function injury of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice

AIM: To investigate the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive disease (COPD) in mice by using nasal drip of cigarette dust particles (DSP) induced pulmonary function damage model.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS 100 mg/L group, DSP 0.75 mL/L group, DSP 1.5 mL/L group and DSP 3 mL/L group for 30 days. The method of nasal drip was used for 30 days to establish the COPD model. Rrs, Ers, Crs, Est, Cst, P-3/8Rn, P-3/8G and P-3/8H were measured for evaluating lung function of the mice in each group by the method of FlexiVent. The effect on the increase of airway resistance induced by methacholine (Mach) was determined using main bronchial rings by Myograph method. The HE, Masson and Resorcinol fuchsin staining of mouse tracheas and lung tissues were conducted. RESULTS: Continuous nasal drip with DSP for 30 days increased Rrs, Ers, Est, P-3/8Rn and decreased Crs, Cst, P-3/8G and P-3/8H in the mice. DSP significantly shifted the dose-effect curve of tracheal contraction induced by Mach to the left, increased the sensitivity of the airway to Mach, and significantly increased the maximal contractile airway effect of Mach. Exposure to DSP caused fibrosis of airway subepithelial, deposition of collagen in the airway basement membrane under the reticular plate, induced reticular plate thickening, pulmonary bronchial lumen serious deformation, and the inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung of mice. Significantly increased alveolar wall muscle fibers and collagen fibers were also observed. CONCLUSION: The lung function and pathomorphological changes of COPD mice induced by 30 days nasal drip of cigarette dust particles were similar to those of human COPD.