Genetic correlations between similar traits in the Danish and Swedish Warmblood sport horse populations

Genetic correlations between phenotypically similar or related traits tested at young horse performance tests for Danish Warmblood (DWB) and Swedish Warmblood (SWB) horses were calculated using Multi-trait Across Country Evaluation (MACE). Data comprised stallions with an estimated breeding value (EBV) from the national genetic evaluations (NGE) based on at least 10 progeny tested in performance tests, and the ancestors of those stallions in two generations. The DWB data included 349 stallions and the SWB data 426 stallions. Of these, 28 had EBVs in both DWB and SWB. Additionally 151 pedigree animals were common between DWB and SWB. The dependent variables used were NGE results of stallions born 1980 and later, which reduced the number of common stallions with EBVs to 23. The genetic correlations were very high for jumping traits (0.99) and dressage related traits (0.89–0.97). For conformation traits correlations varied between 0.10 and 0.98. Because of the high genetic correlations and frequent use of same or closely related foreign stallions, breeders of both DWB and SWB would benefit from using the NGEs for performance traits across countries, although the genetic correlations do not consider differences in genetic merit levels between the populations. It would be feasible to perform a joint genetic evaluation using MACE, which would improve the reliability of estimated breeding values, and enable ranking of all stallions according to the national scale of each country.     

长链非编码RNA及其在畜禽生长调控中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、没有编码蛋白能力的RNA,通常被认为是一类异构体RNA。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,lncRNA在许多重要的生物作用及人类疾病发展中起关键作用。lncRNA作为调节因子参与基因表达调控的各个层次,在表观遗传、转录调控及转录后调控等方面有着广泛功能。研究结果已表明,lncRNA表达水平的紊乱与人类各种癌症及其他疾病有很大的关系。作为基因调控网络的调控因子,lncRNA被越来越多的研究者所关注。相较于人类医学,lncRNA在畜禽上的研究尚处于起步阶段。作者对lncRNA的特点、分类、作用机制、研究方法及其在畜禽生长调控方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其在畜禽养殖中的应用进行了展望,以期为lncRNA在畜禽生长调控方面开展深入研究提供理论基础。     

Bats as the main prey of wintering long‐eared owl (Asio otus) in Beijing: Integrating biodiversity protection and urban management

The loss of biodiversity from urbanized areas is a major environmental problem challenging policy‐makers throughout the world. Solutions to this problem are urgently required in China. We carried out a case study of wintering long‐eared owls (Asio otus) and their main prey to illustrate the negative effects of urbanization combined with ineffective conservation of biodiversity in Beijing. Field monitoring of owl numbers at two roosting sites from 2004 to 2012 showed that the owl population had fallen rapidly in metropolitan Beijing. Analysis of pellet contents identified only seven individuals of two species of shrew. The majority of mammalian prey comprised four bat and seven rodent species, making up 29.3% and 29.5% of the prey items, respectively. Prey composition varied significantly among years at the two sample sites. At the urban site the consumption of bats and rodents declined gradually over time, while predation on birds increased. In contrast, at the suburban site the prey composition showed an overall decrease in the number of bats, a sharp increase and a subsequent decrease in bird prey, and the number of rodent prey fell to a low point. Rapid development of real estate and inadequate greenfield management in city parks resulted in negative effects on the bird and small mammal habitat of urban areas in Beijing. We suggest that measures to conserve biodiversity should be integrated into future urban planning to maintain China's rich biodiversity while also achieving sustainable economic development.     

三亚近岸海域水体的水质状况分析和评价

近年来三亚水产养殖业和滨海旅游业发展迅速,给三亚近岸水体的水质带来了影响。于2013年1-4月对濒临三亚市区的三亚湾和远离市区的亚龙湾水体中的pH值、溶解氧、磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总磷、化学需氧量进行了测定。结果表明,三亚湾水体中的磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总磷和化学需氧量的含量均高于亚龙湾,且个别月份间呈显著性差异（P〈0.05）和极显著性差异（P〈0.01）;对水体中pH值和溶解氧的测定表明,2处海湾水体符合国家Ⅰ～Ⅱ类海水水质标准;三亚湾和亚龙湾水体中的磷酸盐浓度分别为0.0152～0.0189 mg/L和0.0082～0.0143 mg/L,分别符合国家Ⅱ～Ⅲ类和Ⅰ类海水水质标准;化学需氧量含量分别为0.528～0.899 mg/L和0.533～1.013 mg/L,均符合国家Ⅰ类海水水质标准。亚龙湾水体水质优于三亚湾,且前者多数海域水体符合国家Ⅰ类海水水质标准;后者多数海域符合国家Ⅱ～Ⅲ类水质标准,少数符合国家Ⅰ类水质标准。     

人工饲粮对幼年工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响

本试验利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)对幼年工蜂进行代谢组学分析,旨在探究不同人工饲粮对幼年工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响,为蜂王邮寄的人工饲粮配制提供一定理论依据.试验选取1日龄的意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)300只,分为5组,分别饲喂5种人工饲粮,每组30只工蜂.对照组饲粮:...     

双峰驼乳和牛乳中长链多不饱和脂肪酸质量浓度测定

采用国标法检测8份新疆双峰驼乳和7份荷斯坦牛乳中5种长链多不饱和脂肪酸的质量浓度和质量分数。结果表明：新疆双峰驼乳中亚油酸（LA）、α-亚麻酸（ALA）、花生四烯酸（ARA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的平均质量浓度分别为142.99、18.09、9.83、1.51和1.30 mg/100 g,各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比率依次为2.88%、0.37%、0.20%、0.031%和0.026%;荷斯坦牛乳中LA、ALA、ARA、EPA和DHA的平均质量浓度分别为88.37、5.13、6.57、0.69和4.24 mg/100 g,各种脂肪酸占总脂肪酸的比率依次为2.86%、0.17%、0.21%、0.023%和0.14%。     

Vertical distribution of larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): Implications for vertical migratory behaviour and transport

Understanding the interactions among biological and physical processes is essential to determining how the environment affects transport and survival of fishes. We examined vertical distribution in larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) using 126 depth stratified tows in Delaware Bay, USA, during two cruises, in December 2007 and February 2008. Menhaden larvae were 16.8–24.6 and 20.5–26.2 mm standard length in December and February. Corresponding lengths for croaker were 9.3–17.9 and 8.6–19.6 mm. Using empirical observations, and statistically derived models, we explored larval concentration for both species as a function of location, depth, diel period, tidal period, size, and pairwise interactions. Menhaden concentration was best modeled as a function of station, cruise, and interactions between depth and size as well as between station and cruise. No significant differences in larval menhaden concentration were present among tidal and diel periods. Croaker concentration was best modeled as a function of size and interactions between station and diel period, depth and size, cruise and size. Despite tidal period not emerging as a significant model parameter, we observed larger croaker larvae during nighttime flood tides. Our statistical models are consistent with processes of up‐estuary transport for both species, suggesting larvae are increasingly affected by behavioral responses as larvae grow, exhibiting stronger patterns in vertical distribution. The results refine our understanding of the potential importance of size‐related differences in vertical distribution for larval transport in these species. Future research should examine the interactions among size‐specific vertical migratory capabilities, vertical distribution, transport, and retention.     

跨区作业经济效益影响因素剖析

根据2004年跨区作业调查,计算了联合收割机跨区机收的经济效益,并着重指出了跨区作业经济效益下降的实际问题;通过深入分析其中的原因,指出影响跨区作业经济效益的两大主要因素,是信息系统不完善和散机的无序流动。     

胶州湾鱼类资源量的时空分布特征

为了解胶州湾海域鱼类资源数量的时空分布特征,2016—2017年利用底拖网对胶州湾海域开展了4个航次的渔业资源调查。结果显示,胶州湾海域鱼类资源密度存在明显的季节变化。鱼类资源尾数密度以夏季最高(233 427尾/km~2),春季最低(18 080尾/km~2),秋季和冬季分别为32 246、40 746尾/km~2;鱼类资源质量密度以冬季最高(1 593.16 kg/km~2),秋季最低(337.91 kg/km~2),春季和夏季分别为681.96和825.55 kg/km~2。其中,冬季鱼类平均个体质量最大(39.10 g),夏季最小(3.54 g),春季和秋季分别为37.72 g和10.48 g。与历史调查资料相比,30多年来胶州湾鱼类资源发生了较大变化。本次调查鱼类资源密度(1 593.16 kg/km~2)低于1981—1982年(10 857.00 kg/km~2)和2008—2009年(2 196.00 kg/km~2);鱼类平均个体质量为10.60 g,低于1981—1982年(37.70 g),鱼类群落结构明显呈现小型化和低质化趋势。这些变化可能主要是由于人类活动对鱼类栖息地的破坏和海洋生态环境恶化造成的。     

基于《内经》脾藏象时空观探析中医对生命、疾病及防治的认知思维特色

目的 探讨《内经》脾藏象理论的构建思维及方法,以进一步提高中医对世界、生命、疾病及其防治的认知能力。方法 运用时空一体整体观念,分别探讨不同时间层面和同一时间层面下,脾藏象在空间上各自相应的变化及特点。结果 不同时间层面下,脾主长夏和脾不独主于时而主四时之末十八日;同一时间层面下,脾-肉-唇-口-涎-思-长夏（或四时）是一个有机整体。结论 时空一体整体观是构建《内经》脾藏象理论的重要思维特色之一;掌握和揭示《内经》所论生命之道,对于进一步整体、动态、辨证地把握好中医对世界、生命、疾病及其防治的认知,具有高屋建瓴的提升和一叶知秋的重要指导意义。