Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud,tiller and shoot production

Extreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.     

温度对嫁接番茄幼苗生长及SOD、POD活性的影响

为探明华南地区番茄嫁接后的适宜生长温度,试验研究了3个温度处理下番茄嫁接苗的生长状况及其叶片内保护酶(SOD、POD)活性的变化。试验结果表明：20/17℃处理下地上部和根系生长都受到抑制,根冠比失调;30/27℃时植株出现徒长迹象,且整株生物量下降;25/22℃环境条件下,嫁接苗根冠协调,茎秆健壮,光合能力较强。相比于25/22℃环境,20/17℃的相对低温处理和30/27℃的相对高温处理下,番茄嫁接苗的SPAD读数分别下降20%和13%,叶片的SOD酶活性为237.58 U/(g?FW)和254.39 U/(g?FW),分别比25/22℃处理下的SOD活性低114 U/(g?FW)和97.19 U/(g?FW)。30/27℃处理下的POD活性高于另外两个处理,但差异不显著。综上所述,嫁接后的白天温度应控制在25℃左右,夜间温度为22℃左右。     

Thresholds,sensitive stages and genetic variability of finger millet to high temperature stress

Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is an important coarse cereal crop grown in the arid and semi‐arid regions and often experiences high temperature (HT) stress. The objectives of this research were (i) to quantify effects of season‐long HT stress on physiological and yield traits, (ii) to identify the developmental stages most sensitive to HT stress and (iii) to quantify the genetic variability for HT stress tolerance in finger millet. Research was conducted in controlled environment conditions. HT stress decreased the chlorophyll index, photosystem II activity, grain yield and harvest index. Maximum decrease in number of seeds per panicle and grain yield per plant was observed when stress was imposed during booting, panicle emergence or flowering stages. Maximum genotypic variation was explained by panicle width and number of seeds per panicle at optimum temperature (OT) and grain yield per plant at HT and number of seeds at HT. Based on the stress response and grain yield, tolerant or susceptible genotypes were identified. Finger millet is sensitive to HT stress during reproductive stages, and there was genotypic variability among the finger millet genotypes for number of seeds per panicle and grain yield under HT, which can be exploited to enhance stress tolerance.     

全国森林防火中长期发展规划关键问题初探

森林防火规划是森林防火工作的重要组成部分。全国一期森林防火规划实施即将结束,二期规划的编制已经启动。文章对一期规划的成效和存在的问题进行分析,藉此,对二期规划的范围、布局、重点、保障等关键问题进行阐述。     

矮牵牛长柱头性状遗传分析

以闭花瓣型短柱头矮牵牛为母本,正常开放纯合型长柱头的矮牵牛作为父本,采用杂交、自交、回交方法,对不同世代的植株进行柱头长短调查统计分析,初步探讨了矮牵牛长柱头是由两对显性核基因控制的遗传,提出了转育长柱头闭花瓣型矮牵牛的遗传模式,以期获得长柱头闭花瓣型矮牵牛材料。     

Full Aero-elastic Bridge Model Design of Long Span Arch Bridge

Aero-elastic model design is the precondition of full bridge aero-elastic model tunnel tests. The full aero-elastic bridge model design of long span arch bridge is discussed. The effect on the model design of different transverse rod space and bend stiff is analyzed in detail. Different scheme need to be designed according to the transverse rod stiff. Considering the changing section dimensional arches, the method of projecting the spatial arches to the plane arches, then designing the plane arches, at last projecting the plane arches to the spatial arches is proposed at first. The results show that the method is effective.     

不含调压室的长引水管道水电站小波动稳定分析

具有长引水管道的中小型水电站,设置调压阀、爆破膜等调压措施后对大波动过渡过程中的内水压力变化和转速上升均能有较好的控制,但对机组的运行稳定性并无改善。通过假定水流为刚性水体,推导长距离输水管道系统理想水轮机下小波动微分方程组系数矩阵及其特征方程系数,根据Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据,分别讨论了Tw和Ta以及PID调速器参数对小波动稳定域的影响,从而合理整定调速器的参数,保证小波动稳定。     

基于LSTM算法的智能节水灌溉预测模型研究

针对当前农田灌溉缺乏科学技术指导、水资源浪费严重的现状,为提高灌溉用水的利用效率,在智慧农业灌溉系统体系结构的基础上,提出了一种基于LSTM算法的智慧农业灌溉预测模型,可根据作物生长需求、生长环境和种植土壤等数据实现精准灌溉,能够最大程度地节约水资源.通过实验对LSTM灌溉预测模型与传统灌溉预测模型的预测值进行对比分析...     

空气罐与超压泄压阀联合水锤防护特性

提出了一种空气罐与超压泄压阀联合设置的停泵水锤防护方案,并基于瞬变流计算的特征线法建立了空气罐、液控蝶阀、超压泄压阀等边界条件的数学模型,模拟了停泵工况下系统的压力变化过程.结合工程实例,对比分析了空气罐单独防护、空气罐与两阶段关闭泵后液控蝶阀联合防护以及空气罐与超压泄压阀联合防护对停泵水锤的影响.在空气罐体型一定时,对超压泄压阀的启闭规律进行了敏感性分析.计算结果表明,空气罐与两阶段关闭泵后液控蝶阀联合防护方案对输水系统正负水锤防护均不利;而空气罐与超压泄压阀联合防护方案对输水系统正负水锤均有较好的防护效果,与空气罐单独防护方案相比,泵后高压管段最高压应力由1.343 MPa降至1.087 MPa,在满足承压标准1.2 MPa的基础上安全裕度提高了9.4%,空气罐体型也由200 m³缩减至160 m³.超压泄压阀应在5 s内开启至全开度,且开启后持续时间应接近1个相长.     

1951-2016年长江荆南三口地区旱涝演变与急转特征分析

根据荆南三口地区22个气象站点1951—2016年月降水资料,采用标准化降水指数（SPI）及夏季长周期旱涝急转指数（LDFAI）,辅以EOF分析、小波分析、M-K检验等相关分析方法,分析荆南三口地区66年旱涝的变化特征。结果表明：（1）旱涝年际变化较大,20世纪50年代前涝后旱、60—70年代整体干旱、80年代旱涝交替、90年代洪涝、21世纪前涝后旱,且四季均可发生旱涝事件。（2）空间尺度可分为3个区域类型,东南部（湿润区）、中部（降水均匀区）、西北部（偏干区）,且季节空间分布上存在较大差异,西北部的五峰、宜昌、荆州等地四季干旱较多,中部的安乡、南县、华容等地四季洪涝较多。（3）年与四季多以5年、10年周期为主,并具有30~35年的长周期。（4）旱涝急转指数在1981年和2015年发生显著变化,而旱涝强度在1972年和2014年发生显著突变。（5）宜昌、石门、澧县等夏季多为旱转涝;五峰、宁乡、安乡、华容、常德等地夏季多为涝转旱。