富尔河林区山帽材采伐与集材方式的选择

本文针对富尔河林区山帽材的特点和林分结构，论述了应该采用的采伐方式和集材方式。     

论拓展高校教育统计工作的途径

针对当前高等教育统计工作存在的问题,阐述了如何用科学发展观指导高校教育统计工作,提出了加强和改进高校教育统计工作的途径。     

高校学生社区化管理新模式初探

随着高校后勤社会化改革的深入 ,许多高校学生宿舍社区化逐步形成 ,我们必须积极探索高校学生社区化管理的新模式 ,把主要精力放在研究新问题、拿出新对策上 ,以适应新的形势。     

重视和加强“第二课堂”对大学生思想政治教育的作用

本文提出第二课堂”是新时期加强大学厂{思想政治工作的有效途径，分析了第二课堂”具有明显的针对性、主动性、灵活性和时代感的特点，它是服务十学生主体的发展，符合青年学生的特点和认识规律。文章还论述了通过第二课堂”开展大学生思想政治工作的内容、形式、方法、手段，并就如何健全第二课堂”思想政治工作的机制提出了建议。     

绞盘机用多滚子凸轮超越离合器设计理论研究

本文结合我国引进ＣＡＴ５１８绞盘机设计理论的消化，讨论了多滚子凸轮超越离合器的楔紧条件，在其基础上给出了绞盘机用多滚子凸轮超越离合器最大扭矩传递能力的具体计算方法和凸轮轮廓结构参数的确定方法。     

现代都市农业公园规划建设有关问题探讨

分析了现代都市农业公园规划发展思路与对策,提出了实现生态与经济双赢、乡土化、整体优化、互动性的规划建设原则,并对其规划建设模式进行了探讨。     

陕西省渭北渍涝灾害问题及对策

渭河下游发生洪涝灾害后,渭北渍涝灾害的危害性引起各级领导和群众的关注。从渭北渍涝灾害治理的现状和存在问题的实际出发,结合当地排水工程的现状,讨论了今后如何更好地预防治理渍涝灾害,提出了有关对策措施及建议。     

The effects of human disturbance on a stingless bee community in a tropical rainforest

Human disturbance of tropical rainforests may change pollinator communities indirectly as a result of changes in resource availability. We studied the mechanisms by which human disturbance affects a community of major pollinators, stingless bees, in Sarawak, Malaysia. We surveyed forest structure and flowering activity, and conducted a nest census and a bait-trap survey of stingless bees, both in primary forests and in forests disturbed by logging and shifting cultivation. The densities of late successional trees and large trees (diameter at breast height >50 cm) were higher in the primary forests than in the disturbed forests. The density of flowering trees was lower one year after logging, but recovered in old disturbed forests because of the active flowering of pioneer trees that became established after the disturbance. Stingless bees nest only in large trees, and nest density was positively correlated with the density of large trees. However, we found no relationship between the numbers of foragers and floristic parameters. Some species preferred nesting in dipterocarps, while others preferred dead trees. The results of the bait-trap survey also indicated that some species were abundant in the primary forests, whereas other species were abundant in the disturbed forests. These results suggest that human disturbance alters the species composition of the stingless bee community. Such changes in the bee community may affect the reproductive success of plants, and ultimately forest composition.     

Why conservation reserves should not always be concentrated in riparian areas: A study of ground-dwelling beetles in wet eucalypt forest

Reserve corridors in production forestry landscapes are frequently concentrated in riparian areas. This study describes the numerical response of ground-dwelling beetles to increasing distance from streams, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of such a bias in reserve allocation. Patterns in abundance and diversity of epigaeic beetles were quantified at four first order streams in wet eucalypt forest in Tasmania, Australia. The depth and pattern of beetles’ riparian response varied between streams. Commonly trapped beetles were less abundant near to three of the four streams, and the numerical response model differed in each case. Species richness of common beetles was also lower near one of the streams. Pooled abundance and richness of rare species did not vary in response to the riparian-upslope transition. No riparian or upslope specialist species were identified among the most commonly collected species. Compared to upslope habitat, the riparian-upslope transition encompassed greater variability in species composition without actually increasing overall richness. The study findings demonstrate the need for ecosystem-specific data to optimize reserve placement, since the results were not predicted from general vegetation patterns, ecological theory, or the widely held assumption that riparian areas support greater abundance and diversity of organisms than adjacent upslope areas. Reserves encompassing more upslope habitat are recommended to complement those located in riparian areas.     

Singular and interactive effects of blowdown, salvage logging, and wildfire in sub-boreal pine systems

The role of disturbance in structuring vegetation is widely recognized; however, we are only beginning to understand the effects of multiple interacting disturbances on ecosystem recovery and development. Of particular interest is the impact of post-disturbance management interventions, particularly in light of the global controversy surrounding the effects of salvage logging on forest ecosystem recovery. Studies of salvage logging impacts have focused on the effects of post-disturbance salvage logging within the context of a single natural disturbance event. There have been no formal evaluations of how these effects may differ when followed in short sequence by a second, high severity natural disturbance. To evaluate the impact of this management practice within the context of multiple disturbances, we examined the structural and woody plant community responses of sub-boreal Pinus banksiana systems to a rapid sequence of disturbances. Specifically, we compared responses to Blowdown (B), Fire (F), Blowdown-Fire, and Blowdown-Salvage-Fire (BSF) and compared these to undisturbed control (C) stands. Comparisons between BF and BSF indicated that the primary effect of salvage logging was a decrease in the abundance of structural legacies, such as downed woody debris and snags. Both of these compound disturbance sequences (BF and BSF), resulted in similar woody plant communities, largely dominated by Populus tremuloides; however, there was greater homogeneity in community composition in salvage logged areas. Areas experiencing solely fire (F stands) were dominated by P. banksiana regeneration, and blowdown areas (B stands) were largely characterized by regeneration from shade tolerant conifer species. Our results suggest that salvage logging impacts on woody plant communities are diminished when followed by a second high severity disturbance; however, impacts on structural legacies persist. Provisions for the retention of snags, downed logs, and surviving trees as part of salvage logging operations will minimize these structural impacts and may allow for greater ecosystem recovery following these disturbance combinations.