播期播量对强筋小麦济宁16产量及其构成因素的影响

不同播期和播种量对强筋小麦济宁16产量及其构成因素有不同的影响.播种量对小麦群体虽有一定调节作用, 但播期影响更大,因此在栽培中一定要做到适期播种.在鲁西南地区, 济宁16适宜播期为10月5～20日, 最佳播期为10月10～15日;适宜播期内播种量以666.7m2基本苗13万～18万为宜,依播期调播量.     

亚热带山地森林源头溪流米槠凋落叶分解的水溶性碳氮磷动态

以亚热带常绿阔叶林建群种米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)凋落叶为研究对象,对照地表环境,研究了溪流和间歇性溪流凋落叶分解过程中水溶性有机碳、氮、磷含量变化及其累积损失特征。结果表明:(1)3种生境中凋落叶水溶性有机碳的含量在分解过程中均表现出逐渐降低的趋势,但在溪流中降低程度最大,损失率达92.18%;水溶性氮含量在溪流和间歇性溪流释放时间提前,其变化程度相对较小;相比于地表和间歇性溪流,溪流中的凋落叶水溶性磷含量在分解过程中持续降低,损失率达86.75%。(2)相对于地表,溪流和间歇性溪流显著促进了凋落叶中的水溶性有机碳、氮、磷的释放速率,表明源头溪流持续流动的水体促进凋落叶水溶性组分的释放。(3)尽管3种生境中凋落叶水溶性有机碳、氮、磷元素的损失率共同受到温度、降水、环境中营养元素含量的影响,但源头溪流持续流动的水流和间歇性溪流频繁的干湿交替促进凋落叶水溶性组分的释放。研究结果为揭示亚热带山地森林凋落叶分解过程中水溶性碳氮磷在不同生境中的释放动态提供基础数据。     

毛红椿凋落叶水浸液自毒作用研究

为探究毛红椿凋落叶水浸液的自毒作用,采用生物测试法研究毛红椿凋落叶水浸液对自身种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响,并结合气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析凋落叶水浸液石油醚、乙醚、氯仿、甲醇4种不同极性萃取组分中存在的自毒物质。结果表明,凋落叶水浸液对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗生长、存活率等均有抑制作用,浓度越高抑制作用越强,中浓度溶液(100 g·L^-1)对种子发芽和茎长达到显著抑制水平,对种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、茎长的抑制率分别为18%、31%、31%和17%;低浓度溶液(10 g·L^-1)对根长的抑制达到显著水平,抑制率为25%。毛红椿凋落叶水浸液4种不同极性萃取组分中共鉴定到22种化合物,总体含酰胺类、长链脂肪酸、酚类、苯甲酸衍生物、烷烃类、腈类、二甲苯、松油烯及谷甾醇等物质,其中酰胺类、长链脂肪酸、酚类、苯甲酸衍生物成分可能为毛红椿自毒物质。本研究结果为探索毛红椿的濒危机制,促进毛红椿的实生更新提供了理论依据。     

Deciduous trees affect small-scale floristic diversity and tree regeneration in conifer forests

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the effects of deciduous trees on biodiversity, soil processes and long-term productivity in boreal, conifer-dominated forests. This study investigated whether individual birch trees allowed to grow to maturity in the coniferous forest can have a local effect on floristic richness and regeneration of tree saplings. The ground vegetation was compared in 2?m radius plots around the stem under the canopies of matched conifer–deciduous trees in a mature, conifer-dominated forest, and included in the analysis variables that could potentially mediate the tree effect (soil pH, cover of lichens, bryophytes, leaf and needle litter). The field layer vegetation was more species rich under birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens) than under conifers (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris), and several vascular plant species (including saplings of tree species) occurred more often under birch than under conifers. However, when the effect of the number of subordinate trees was taken into account the difference between birch and pine was not significant. The number of tree regenerations (saplings) was lowest under pines, but did not differ between spruce and birch. There were no effects of the canopy species on soil pH or on cover of lichens and bryophytes. The difference in diversity may be caused by the different effects of leaf and needle litter, and it is also likely that canopy structure has an influence via interception and throughfall and by affecting the light and microclimate.     

基于公平与效率的地表水污染物总量分配优化模型

污染物总量控制是改善地表水环境质量行之有效的方法,如何进行总量分配是开展总量控制工作的重点和难点。以公平和效率作为总量分配的基础,以某汽车制造集团的地表水污染物总量分配为实例,以现状排放量和单位产值作为聚类分析依据,将目标单位划分为"重点削减单位"和"关注削减单位",制订了总量分配方案。该模型对污染物总量分配技术可行性的研究与完善具有一定的参考价值。     

基于“3414”模型研究宁夏盐池县玉米氮磷钾施肥效应

2008年在盐池县具有代表性的土壤类型上进行了玉米＂3414＂试验,结果表明：地力贡献率为54.84%,说明土壤属于中等肥力。N、P、K对玉米产量影响大小顺序为N〉P〉K,增产效果居首位的为氮肥,施用纯N 240 kg/hm2的增产效应达到2 751.45 kg/hm2;P肥的增产幅度次之,施用纯P 120 kg/hm2的增产效应达到1 023.45 kg/hm;施用纯K 75kg/hm2的增产效应为236.7 kg/hm2。在不同肥料的交互作用中,N×P的交互作用对产量影响最大,N×P〉N×K〉P×K。施氮（N）量为360 kg/hm2,施磷量（P）为107.81 kg/hm2,施钾量（K）为4.30 kg/hm2时,玉米产量最高为7 652.23 kg/hm2。玉米产量与N、P、K肥料效应回归模型为三元二次多项式回归模型,经显著性检验达到极显著水平,可以为玉米生产施肥提供借鉴。     

利用动态信号技术检测强化木地板榫接部位横向变形量

介绍一种用动态信号分析仪测定强化木地板榫接部位横向变形量大小的方法。该法主要通过采集电涡流传感器中前置器解调后的地板榫接部位变形时的低频信号值获得其实际变形量,并为检测其它种类地板的变形量参数提供参考。     

Genetic parameters for litter size,piglet growth and sow's early growth and body composition in the Chinese–European line Tai Zumu

Genetics of piglet growth in association with sow's early growth and body composition were estimated in the Tai Zumu line. Piglet and sow's litter growth traits were calculated from individual weights collected at birth and at 3 weeks of age. Sow's litter traits included the number of piglets born alive (NBA), the mean piglet weight (MW) and the standard deviation of weights within the litter (SDW). Sow's early growth was measured by the age at 100 kg (A₁₀₀), and body composition included backfat thickness (BF₁₀₀). A main objective of this study was to estimate separately the direct genetic effect (d) and the maternal genetic effect (m) on piglet weight and daily weight gain during lactation. Variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood methodology based on animal models. The heritability estimates were 0.19 for NBA, 0.15 and 0.26 for SDW and MW at 3 weeks and 0.42 and 0.70 for A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀. The NBA was almost independent from SDW. Conversely, the A₁₀₀ and BF₁₀₀ were correlated unfavourably with SDW (r_g<−0.24, SE<0.12). A stronger selection for litter size should have little effect on litter homogeneity in weights. Selection for lean growth rate tends to favour heterogeneity in weights. The direct effect on piglet weight at birth and daily weight gain accounted for 12% (h² (d) = 0.02) and 50% (h² (d) = 0.11) of the genetic variance, respectively. The association between d and m for piglet weight was not different from zero at birth (r_g = 0.19, SE = 0.27), but a strong antagonism between d and m for daily weight gain from birth to 3 weeks was found (r_g = −0.41, SE = 0.17). Substantial direct and maternal genetic effects influenced piglet growth until weaning in opposite way.