滇南雨林山区林业持续发展问题探索

从滇南雨林山区的自然与社会经济特点出发，确认林业在区域经济发展中占重要地位，进而对林业持续发展中的自然生态系统脆弱、农林争地、人工林土壤退化、生物物种减少、林业经济效益低等问题进行了分析，提出发展高效林业，建设珍贵用材林、特产经济林、雨林特产品、热带水果生产基地，以及大力营建混交林、农用林业的对策与措施。建议立即开展生物资源本底调查，珍稀濒危生物物种保护，乡土树种栽培驯化、雨林特产品研究等工作。     

"三岩"造林困难地植被恢复技术研究与示范

湖南造林困难地类总面积达 10 0万hm2 。通过对 5个县 658hm2 试验示范林历时 9年的研究 ,解决了植被恢复技术问题。选出适宜的树、划种有马桑、芦竹、苦槠、牡荆和栓皮栎 5种 ,有发展前景的树种有柏木、铅笔柏和藏柏。选出了林分结构稳定 ,组成种长势好 ,可以肯定的有马桑十墨西哥柏浅层钙质幼年性岩性土等 6个配置模式。并提出和推广了撩壕整地和芦竹下挖上堆 ,施肥促长等造林技术。同时 ,定义了“三岩”造林困难地 ,提出了“三岩”造林困难地的生态环境特点。从土种的水平研究了树种与立地的适应性。     

祁连山不同植被类型土壤微生物群落多样性差异

土壤微生物是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,在生态系统物质循环和能量转化中占有重要的地位。以祁连山中段不同海拔的4种植物群落,即垫状植被(cushion plants,CP)、高寒草甸(alpine meadow,AM)、沼泽化草甸(swamp meadow,SM)和高寒灌丛(alpine shrub,AS)作为实验样地,采用BIOLOG技术,探讨了土壤微生物群落多样性在不用海拔梯度形成的植被条件下的变化特征。结果表明,反映微生物活性的平均颜色变化率(average well color development,AWCD)的大小顺序为:沼泽化草甸高寒草甸高寒灌丛垫状植被,沼泽化草甸土壤微生物群落代谢活性最高;高寒草甸和沼泽化草甸土壤微生物群落碳源利用模式相似,土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Wiener物种丰富度指数(H)与土壤有机碳和全氮显著相关(P0.05),Simpson优势度指数(D)和Mc Intosh指数(U)与土壤全氮显著相关(P0.05);冗余分析表明,土壤有机碳、p H和全氮可能是土壤微生物利用碳源的控制因子。研究结果为进一步探讨高寒草甸与土壤微生物之间的关系奠定了基础。     

广东乳源西京古道植物资源调查及应用

西京古道作为第八批全国重点文物保护单位之一,其历史遗存丰富,且孕育着繁茂的野生植物资源。通过对西京古道的植物资源进行全面的调查,鉴定出维管植物有81科217属266种,其中观赏植物资源68科123属163种(含变种)。通过对西京古道乳源段植物资源的实地调查,掌握了古道沿线植物资源现状并分析其观赏特性及应用价值。在对西京古道沿线植物群落景观进行分析的基础上,提出基于石漠化背景下的古驿道植物景观营造方法及生态修复对策。     

秦岭2种林分土壤性质的季节性变化对细菌群落多样性和组成的影响

研究秦岭山区2种林分土壤性质的季节性变化对土壤细菌群落多样性和结构特征影响,为该区生态恢复及物质循环提供理论依据。以云杉林和红桦林土壤为对象,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术初步探讨了这2种林分不同季节土壤细菌多样性（Chao1指数和Shannon指数）和群落组成,并采用相关分析和冗余分析（RDA）等方法,探讨了土壤性质,包括pH、土壤温度、土壤含水量（SWC）、土壤有机碳（SOC）、可溶性有机碳（EOC）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）和易氧化有机碳（DOC）对土壤细菌多样性和群落的影响。结果表明:1）2种林分土壤细菌Chao1指数和Shannon指数具有明显的季节性变化特征,夏季最高,冬季最低,春季和秋季居中。2）2种林分土壤中酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门为优势菌门,酸杆菌门相对丰度在秋季最大,冬季最低,而拟杆菌门相对丰度则相反,在冬季达到最大值,秋季最低。3）相关分析表明,细菌多样性与温度负相关,与土壤pH、SWC、SOC、EOC、DOC和MBC含量正相关。4）RDA分析结果表明,SWC是影响真菌群落组成季节性变化的主要因素,其次是EOC和SOC含量。这些研究结果表明,秦岭林区土壤细菌群落多样性及群落组成的季节性变化是土壤养分及土壤环境因素（温度和含水量）共同作用的结果。     

海南石灰岩地区的种子植物区系

【目的】了解海南石灰岩地区种子植物区系组成、性质等基本特征.【方法】野外实地调查、标本采集与鉴定,数据统计分析.【结果和结论】海南石灰岩地区现共记录种子植物1 176种58变种1变型,隶属于142科645属,其中裸子植物5科5属7种,被子植物137科640属1 169种58变种1变型.具有明显的热带性质,以热带、亚热带成分尤其是热带亚洲成分为主,热带、亚热带成分分别占总科数和总属数的73.24%和87.75%;温带成分在海南石灰岩地区得到一定的发展,温带性质科占总科数的11.97%,属占总属数的7.29%.该地区物种丰富,以占不到全岛2%的面积,分布高达27.26%的种类,但属内种类较为贫乏,以单种科和寡种科为主,共计113科,占总科数的79.58%;中国特有属有2属.     

浅山区塘坝养殖方正银鲫试验研究

2002年4月10日～2002年10月15日在方正县选择浅山区塘坝进行方正银鲫养殖试验研究。结果表明：在低温浅山区塘坝进行方正银鲫为主的养殖是可行的，经：170d的养殖，方正银鲫由放养时的l00g到出池时250g，亩利润为1233．4元，同时，搭配大规格鲢鳙鱼，可取得高产高效的养殖效果。     

Insights into an undescribed high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) on Volcán Llullaillaco: A physical and microbiological view

1. High elevation lakes are extreme ecosystems and serve as sentinels of various global changes.
2. An expedition to Volcán Llullaillaco in 1996 discovered an unstudied high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) that probably was formed as a result of the past eruptive events or climatic processes such as glacial retreat in the lake basin.
3. This article describes an initial physical characterization of the lake and its microbial communities derived from two sampling expeditions in 2013 and 2016.
4. The microbial community in the lake, with an area between 1.2 and 1.4 ha and a depth of 6.8 m, was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Haloarchaea. In addition, 26 bacterial isolates were identified within the genera Subtercola, Xylophilus, Rhodanobacter, Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas.
5. Lago Llullaillaco is one of the highest recorded lakes in the world, and this study highlights the unique microbial diversity of this aquatic ecosystem and the importance of its preservation to understand the complex biological processes under polyextreme conditions.

     

Community‐Based Rehabilitation of Mountain Terraces in Cyprus

Participatory methods and community‐based approaches have an important role to play in combating land degradation. This paper follows a well‐defined participatory framework to identify key stakeholders and to select Sustainable Land Management approaches for reducing soil erosion and land degradation in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. Among the options suggested and evaluated by stakeholders, terrace rehabilitation had the best overall performance, followed by crop diversification and afforestation. Stakeholders agreed that the rehabilitation of dry‐stone terraces was the preferred option, as it is a practice with high environmental benefits and fits well in the local socio‐cultural context, despite the higher cost compared to other options. In the first year of implementing the approach, three mountain communities co‐organised hands‐on terrace maintenance events, engaging more than 160 people in rehabilitation activities. The community‐based approach has sparked the interest of people within and beyond the research site, and another series of events is scheduled for the coming season. This outcome indicates that social innovations can benefit from the integration of local and scientific knowledge, while participatory process can enhance the self‐confidence and organisational structures of local communities. Sustaining and enhancing the impact of the approach in the long‐run require developing local terrace maintenance institutions, actively engaging the youth in terrace management and improving the profitability of mountain farming through the differentiation of local products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

石灰石粉施用量对重庆酸雨区马尾松林下木荷生长的影响

重庆是我国酸雨发生最早且其污染最严重的地区之一。由于长期遭受酸雨影响,这里的森林受害明显,经济和环境损失巨大。马尾松(Pinus massonianaLamb.)和木荷(Schima superbaGardn.etChamp.)都属于重庆的重要乡土树种,马尾松在造林中被广泛使用,木荷是优良的生物防火树种,并因