低温弱光对苗期紫花苜蓿根颈生理特性的影响

以秋眠级不同的2个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种(巨人201和WL414)为试验材料,研究了其在低温(0~5℃和5~10℃)与弱光[50和100μmol/(m2.s)]互作处理条件下的生理响应。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根颈在低温弱光胁迫下启动了自身应激机制,对逆境胁迫做出了适应性反应,相同弱光条件下,低温0~5℃比5~10℃对根颈的影响显著,过氧化物酶活性上升幅度较小,而超氧化物歧化酶活性的下降和丙二醛含量的增加幅度均较大;相同低温处理,弱光50μmol/(m2.s)处理对根颈生理指标影响更为显著,过氧化物酶活性上升、超氧化物歧化酶活性下降和丙二醛含量增加幅度大于弱光100μmol/(m2.s)处理;巨人201各项指标的变化都优于WL414,表明巨人201抗寒耐弱光能力都可能优于WL414。     

河南省陆地植被净第一性生产力估算及其时空分布

基于地理信息系统和卫星遥感技术,利用地面气象数据和MODIS数据,同时考虑河南省自身实际地理和植被覆盖情况,在对最大光利用率和水分胁迫系数的获取进行改进的基础上,利用CASA模型对河南省植被净第一性生产力（NPP）进行了估算,并分析了其时空分布。结果表明,2008年河南省NPP生产量为34.87 Mt C,NPP空间分布和植被类型有密切关系,森林植被最大,然后依次是灌丛、草地、农田等。12、1和2月NPP最小,植物基本停止生长,植被的NPP只占全年的1.38％;5、7和8月的NPP最大,占全年总量的56.84％。与Miami、Montreal、Chinkugo模型相比,本研究结果和Miami模型结果最为接近,植被类型NPP均值排序和Chinkugo模型相似;与实测数据对比结果显示,模拟值接近于实测值,说明模型适用于河南省NPP的模拟。     

兽用喹诺酮类药物发展动态

综述了兽用喹诺酮类药物—包括国内外已上市的、尚在开发中的以及人用药可转化为兽用药三个部分的品种,并对在我国尚未上市的兽用喹诺酮类药物的药理作用及用途作了简介。     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

光照强度对Kisspeptin及其受体GPR54在鸡脑表达的影响

随机选用100日龄京红Ⅰ号蛋鸡,分别接受光照强度30,20,10,1 lx处理,运用免疫组化技术测定Kisspeptin和GPR54免疫反应阳性神经元在鸡中脑和间脑的分布和表达。结果显示:Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于中脑SGC、Imc、Ipc、顶盖前核(Pt)、外侧螺旋核(SPL)。在SGC、Imc、Ipc,平均灰度值和面积百分比,30,20 lx组显著高于10,1 lx组(P<0.05),在Pt和SPL,30 lx平均灰度值和面积百分比最高。GPR54免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于中脑的lmc、Ipc、SP/IPS、nbor、SGC,平均灰度值和面积百分比,光照强度30,20 lx组显著大于l0,1 lx组(P<0.05)。Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布于间脑的下丘脑后内侧核(MPH)、丘脑室旁核前部(PVa)、PHN、PVN、Rot。在Rot、PHN、PVN和PVa,Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性神经元平均灰度值和面积百分比,30,20 lx组显著大于l0,1 lx组(P>0.05);在MPH,30 lx高于20 lx,20 lx高于10 lx,10 lx高于1 lx组。GPR54免疫阳性神经元主要分布于鸡间脑PVN、GLv、Rot、PHN和CPa。平均灰度值和面积百分比在Rot,30 lx组最大,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),在PVN、PHN、GLv和CPa,30,20 lx组显著大于10,1 lx组(P<0.05)。Kisspeptin免疫反应阳性细胞在腺垂体的平均灰度值,光照强度20 lx组最大,面积百分比30 lx最大,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,光照强度能促进Kisspeptin和GRP54在蛋鸡中脑和间脑表达,随光照强度增加,表达量增加。Kisspeptin接受光信息调控,通过调节GnRH分泌,参与调节鸡的生殖机能。     

Bright artificial light at night is associated with increased body mass,poor reproductive success and compromised disease tolerance in Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Artificial light at night (ALAN) can cause circadian disruption and result in adverse behavioral and ecological effects in free‐living birds, but studies on captive pet birds as companion animals have been infrequent. We studied the effects of exposure to bright ALAN on body mass, melatonin sulfate levels, reproduction and disease severity in Australian budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) kept in captivity. During the experiment, birds were kept under outdoor temperature, humidity and natural photoperiod from September to December. A total of 48 birds were equally split into 4 groups (6 mating pairs each) and concurrently exposed to ALAN of 200 lux with different duration (0, 30, 60 and 90 min). Monthly observations were recorded for all dependent parameters. ALAN exposure increased mass gain and suppressed melatonin levels in a dose‐dependent manner, especially during December. In addition, ALAN exposure in all duration groups decreased egg production and reduced hatchability from 61% ± 14% in the ALAN‐unexposed control group to 0% in the ALAN‐exposed birds. Disease severity was also found to increase in line with the duration of ALAN exposure. In captive M. undulatus, ALAN exposure was demonstrated to affect photoperiodic regulation with subsequent excess mass gain and reproduction impairment, and increased susceptibility to infections plausibly through duration dose‐dependent suppression of melatonin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a possible association between acute bright ALAN of increasing duration and both natural development of infections as well as reproductive cessation in captive birds. Our findings could be used to improve breeding conditions of captive birds.     

带幅设计对玉米/苜蓿间作群体光环境特征及光能利用效率的影响北大核心CSCD

探究间作带幅设计对玉米/苜蓿间作群体光环境特征、产量及光能利用效率(LUE)的影响,提出黄土高原旱作条件下玉米/苜蓿间作群体最佳带幅比例。研究设置了玉米单作(SM)、紫花苜蓿单作(SA)以及玉米/紫花苜蓿1∶2(I_(12))、2∶2(I_(22))和2∶4(I_(24))间作5种种植模式,并采用田间试验和数学模拟相结合的方法,分别测定了玉米和苜蓿的干物质产量及作物冠层光合有效辐射(PAR)等指标;建立了考虑光线入射角度和群体冠层结构几何关系的玉米/苜蓿间作群体辐射传输模型,并用实测值对其进行了验证。试验结果表明,在2018年,单作处理的苜蓿干物质产量显著高于间作处理(P<0.05),而在2019年各间作处理苜蓿的干物质分别比单作高197.8、180.3和197.0 g·m^(-2);处理I_(12)、I_(22)和I_(24)两年总的玉米生物量比SM处理高12.1%、0.9%和23.9%。所有间作处理的土地当量比在2019年均大于1.0,表现出间作优势。辐射传输模型可准确模拟玉米/苜蓿间作群体冠层底部的光合有效辐射,间作群体光合有效辐射模拟值与实测值的平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为59.0和66.6μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。除玉米和苜蓿生育前期及玉米收获后,不同间作处理苜蓿群体冠层上方的PAR均低于单作苜蓿。2018和2019年I_(12)、I_(22)和I_(24)间作处理玉米的光能利用效率分别比单作处理高52.5%、9.3%、51.7%和28.5%、9.6%、21.0%,而间作苜蓿的LUE仅在2019年显著高于单作19.2%、32.4%和20.9%(P<0.05)。因此,合理的玉米/苜蓿间作带幅搭配可改善苜蓿的光照环境,提高其光能利用效率,尤其是玉米/紫花苜蓿2∶4间作群体光能利用效率和产量优势显著,建议在具有类似气候的地区推广种植。     

短时强光处理对金心吊兰光合特性的影响

强光胁迫常常导致植物的叶绿素含量下降,但是叶绿素合成受阻的突变体在光胁迫下会发生怎样的生理生化变化目前未见报道。本研究以金心吊兰为材料,研究了同一叶片的不同区带对短时强光胁迫的生理响应。结果表明,1)在正常的光照下,金心部分PSⅡ的活性显著低于其他部分,但活性氧含量却维持在较高的水平;2)在强光胁迫的6 h内,金心部分的活性氧波动不大,抗氧化酶活性变化也较小,均低于其他部分;3)短时强光胁迫导致吊兰叶片的非光化学淬灭上升,而金心部分上升幅度较少,说明吸收的过多光能在金心部分不是以热耗散的形式消耗,并且金心部分能在较短的时间内恢复到胁迫前的非光化学淬灭水平。     

利用太阳能烘干蚕茧的初步研究

以稀土生态农用膜为光能接受和转化物,将光能中的紫外线等转化为远红外线从而可利用太阳能烘干蚕茧。采用该方法在蚕茧适干时的温度比传统的茧灶干茧法稍低,且外界温度的高低直接影响茧层内的温度高低,从而影响烘茧时间的长短。由于远红外线直接穿透茧层干燥蛹体,所以不损伤茧丝品质,干茧解舒率可提高4.46个百分点。