甘蔗脱毒与非脱毒种苗田间比较试验

甘蔗组培脱毒健康种苗种植后出苗率、成茎率高,生长快,节间长,具有原种性高产稳产性能。试验结果表明：脱毒种苗比非脱毒苗667m^2增产糖料蔗1332．1t,增26．75％,蔗糖分提高0．6％,值得推广应用。     

基于证据理论组合多分类规则实现大区域植被遥感分类研究

[目的]利用遥感影像的时效性和宏观性特点,基于证据理论组合多分类规则的方法快速和高效地实现大区域植被遥感分类。[方法]首先,依据辨识框架的概念设计分类系统,并采用大区域样本快速采集方法提取训练样点;其次,将多个单分类规则得到的植被类型特征影像归一化处理为基本概率赋值作为表达对各类型信任程度的证据源数据,再将不同证据源的信任度信息依据证据理论组合;再次,将组合结果依据最大信任度原则确定植被类型;最后,在中国植被图与中国土地覆盖图的类型一致区域随机布点作为验证样本。[结果]各单分类器分类结果的总体精度范围为60%70%,两两规则组合分类结果的总体精度范围为70%80%,3个规则组合分类结果的总体精度达到80.84%。[结论]组合多分类规则的证据理论分类方法可以提高分类精度;参与组合的单分类器精度越高,相关证据源越多,组合分类结果精度越高。     

Oral bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes improve the immune responses and resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea,Richardson, 1846) against Vibrio alginolyticus

This study aimed to investigate effects of bovine serum albumin immune‐stimulating complexes (BSA ISCOMs) on immune‐related genes expression, serum nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Fish were fed diets containing 3.5 ml of BSA ISCOMs per kg feed (experimental group) or 3.5 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline per kg feed (control group) for 1 week. The liver, spleen, head‐kidney tissues were sampled for determining gene expression of myxovirus‐resistant protein (Mx), major histocompatibility complex class II alpha chain (MHC II α), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) 30 and 90 days after feeding. Also, blood samples were collected for determining activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), interferon alpha (IFN‐α), TNF‐α and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). TNF‐α and MHCⅡα gene expression in the liver, spleen, head‐kidney, as well as IFN‐α, TNF‐α and ALP activities in the serum, of experimental fish were significantly higher 30 days after feeding; while only TNF‐α and MHC II gene expression in the head‐kidney remained upregulated 90 days after feeding. The cumulative mortality of the experimental fish was significantly lower than control. This study indicated that BSA ISCOMs improved the immune response and induced protective immunity in large yellow croaker.     

Effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels on growth performance,feed utilization,body composition and non‐specific immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid, carbohydrate and their interactions on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non‐specific immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The experimental fish were fed the diets with graded levels of dietary crude lipid (80, 110 and 140 g/kg diet) and dietary carbohydrate (60, 90 and 120 g/kg diet) for 7 weeks. Results showed that the specific growth rate decreased significantly as dietary carbohydrate increased, which partly resulted from the progressively reduced feed intake and protein efficiency ratio. Meanwhile, the result of postprandial glucose content confirmed glucose intolerance of the croaker. However, the specific growth rate was not significantly altered by dietary lipid, but the feed intake was remarkably reduced. The different growth performance and feed utilization of croaker in response to dietary lipid and carbohydrate resulted in the variation of body composition. In addition, the activity of lysozyme and classical complement pathway was significantly improved in croaker fed the diet with 110 g/kg lipid. In above, dietary carbohydrate and lipid of large yellow croaker should be maintained at 60 and 110 g/kg diet, respectively, based on the above indices.     

Science,capacity building and conservation knowledge: The empowerment of the local community for marine conservation in Rapa Nui

相似文献   

不同浓度维生素诱导处理对黄瓜幼苗防御酶活性的影响分析

为了研究不同维生素处理对黄瓜幼苗防御酶活性的影响,分别用维生素B1、B2、B6和抗坏血酸(VC)对黄瓜幼苗进行诱导处理,以蒸馏水为空白对照,对黄瓜幼苗的防御酶活性进行测定和分析。结果表明:经过维生素诱导处理的黄瓜幼苗,体内的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性基本呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性整体呈现升高的趋势,其中经过2.0%维生素B2诱导处理的黄瓜幼苗体内的SOD活性增强最为显著,可诱导黄瓜植株产生对霜霉病的抗性,增强植株抵抗病虫害的能力。     

大挖深菊芋收获机设计与试验

针对菊芋收获作业要求,研制了大挖深菊芋收获机。该机由外倾整体式条形挖掘铲、两级抖动链式输送分离器及机架、地轮构成,可一次性完成菊芋挖掘、芋土分离、输送、铺放。田间试验表明：该机能在250~500 mm挖掘深度,初霜冻、菊芋团块根系发达地块,克服冻土块、砾石卡塞导致的土壤拥堵,实现持续稳定作业; 对菊芋收获质量好,芋土分离效果良好,损失率、伤薯率、含杂率分别小于1.75%、4.8%、4.5%, 满足菊芋收获作业要求。     

高大平房仓优化控温对小麦储藏期淀粉品质调控效应研究

对高大平房仓进行隔热优化改造,通过对其储藏1年小麦淀粉品质与未改造对照库的进行比较分析,研究高大平房仓优化改造对储粮不同粮层淀粉品质的立体调控效应。结果表明,优化改造试验库18库在不同粮层小麦水分含量、吸水率、α-淀粉酶活性、糊化特性等方面都优于对照库8库,特别是对与空气接触温度变化较大的上层和粮温稳定的下层小麦品质调控用用较为明显。隔热保温材料及吊顶对小麦储藏期淀粉品质有积极作用,可在粮温、库温较高的夏季通过立体内循环将下层冷源充分利用,实现全年准低温储粮,提升储藏品质。     

海藻提取物对干旱胁迫下苹果砧木幼苗抗旱性和养分吸收的影响

以1 a生苹果砧木M9T337幼苗为试材,设置正常供水（CK）、中度干旱（MD）、中度干旱+海藻提取物（MD+SE）、重度干旱（SD）、重度干旱+海藻提取物（SD+SE）5个处理,研究海藻提取物对不同程度干旱胁迫下幼苗的生物量、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量和植株养分含量的影响。结果表明：在中度干旱胁迫条件下,植株总生物量较MD处理提高了15.4%,净光合速率较MD处理提高了12.1%,SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性分别较MD处理提高了4.5%、8.4%、30.6%、9.8%,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质较MD处理分别提高了19.1%和13.1%,植株氮、磷、钾含量较MD处理分别提高了19.2%、22.7%和40.5%;在重度干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施海藻提取物后总生物量较SD处理提高了13.7%,净光合速率较SD处理提高了10.2%,SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性较SD处理分别提高了16.6%、18.1%、30.2%、8.9%,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量较SD处理分别提高了14.1%和13.1%,植株氮、磷、钾含量较SD处理分别提高了12.4%、21.7%和38.4%。不同程度干旱条件下喷施海藻提取物均有良好的缓解效果,以中度干旱胁迫缓解效果更显著。     

磁化水对不同土壤水分下黄瓜幼苗生长、光合和养分吸收的影响

采用二因素二水平完全试验设计,研究了砂培条件下磁化处理（分别为0.3T磁场强度处理的磁化蒸馏水和蒸馏水处理）对不同土壤水分条件下（正常水分处理：田间持水量的80%~85%;干旱处理：田间持水量的40%~45%,于黄瓜4~5叶期维持7 d）黄瓜幼苗生长、水分关系、光合作用和养分吸收的影响。结果表明,磁化水浇灌显著降低黄瓜幼苗的生长和水分利用,其中茎粗、地上部生物量、根生物量、总生物量、根体积、根表面积、整株耗水量和整株水分利用效率分别降低6.7%、8.9%、19.1%、9.9%、22.1%、18.5%、6.2%和10.9%;磁化水浇灌导致黄瓜幼苗叶SPAD值降低了3.7%,叶气孔导度和蒸腾速率则分别增加了21.8%和17.5%,叶瞬时水分利用效率降低了17.7%,但对净光合速率影响不大;磁化水浇灌使PSII最大光化学效率和电子传递速率分别降低了5.2%和18.6%,同时增加叶片中K含量。除叶片K含量外,干旱条件下磁化水对黄瓜生长和生理代谢影响不大,表明磁化水的作用依赖于土壤水分条件。