林业苗圃地连作和轮作对苗木生长及土壤肥力影响的研究

研究了林业圃地连作与轮作培育杉木、酸枣、厚朴等苗木的生长状况及土壤肥力的变化。结果表明:用水稻等作物与杉木轮作后,杉木苗生长状况改善,土壤有效养分和速效养分增加。     

番茄穴盘育苗苗龄和营养面积的研究

不同的营养面积对番茄秧苗质量的影响随着苗龄的增加而作用明显 ,全面衡量苗龄对产量形成的影响及穴盘育苗所能给予的营养面积 ,番茄穴盘育苗应提倡中龄苗定植。苗龄大小与育苗营养面积大小都会对产量形成产生明显的影响 ,前者产量时期的分布趋向于前高—后低或前低—后高 ,在总产量上得到一定程度的平衡 ;而后者随着营养面积的减小 ,产量水平逐渐下降。     

月季试管苗生根的形态解剖学观察

以月季无根试管苗为材料,进行瓶内和瓶外生根试验,研究了试管生根苗和瓶外生根苗的解剖构造差异,并分析了二者解剖特征与其生境的关系。     

旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机栽植机构优化设计与试验

为节省工时,提高劳动效率,提出了一种旱地钵苗移栽复式作业机;并针对作业机栽植轨迹不理想导致钵苗栽植合格率低以及栽植器粘土堵塞导致漏苗率高的问题,优化设计了移栽复式作业机栽植机构。该机构由曲柄、平行摇杆、摆杆及夹指式栽植器构成,实现接苗、运苗、扶苗栽植和复位功能,使栽植轨迹和运动姿态满足栽植农艺要求。夹指式栽植器为敞开式结构,夹指在注水冲刷与闭合瞬间振动的作用下,解决了传统鸭嘴栽植器粘土堵塞的问题。建立栽植机构运动学模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0开发计算机辅助优化设计软件,多目标参数优化设计得出满足农艺要求的移栽运动轨迹和栽植机构参数;建立栽植机构三维模型,利用ADAMS运动学仿真分析,验证了栽植机构优化设计的合理性;样机田间试验表明,在钵苗高度约为15 cm、作业速度20 m/min工况下,钵苗栽植合格率达98.1%、漏苗率0.4%、株距变异系数4.3%、栽植深度合格率96.5%,满足旱地钵苗移栽要求。     

Kinetics of Uptake and Metabolism of Atrazine in Model Plant Systems

The present work concerns atrazine absorption and metabolism by corn (Zea mays.) seedlings immersed in an aqueous medium in comparison with Acer pseudoplatanus cell cultures. At the point of equilibrium, the apparent concentration inside the A. pseudoplatanus cells (with a moderate lipid content: 0·17% of dry weight) was about twice that of the medium. This equilibrium was probably due to a simple partition process; part of the atrazine was dissolved in the cell water and reached the same concentration as in the external medium while the rest was concentrated inside the cellular lipids. The theoretical calculation of the lipid/water partition, taking into account the value of log P measured not with the lipids but with octanol (log P=2·5), gave a value of 1·5 for concentration inside the plant material. Such an equilibrium, resulting from a partition process between water and lipids, was also obtained in non-living corn seedlings. In living seedlings, an over-concentration of radioactivity due to [¹⁴C]atrazine derivatives was rapidly obtained inside roots and shoots giving concentrations respectively 7- and 12-fold higher than that of atrazine in the external medium. This was due to very rapid chemical transformation of atrazine into its hydroxy derivatives, especially hydroxyatrazine. This hydrolysis of atrazine in corn was due to the presence of high levels of benzoxazinone derivatives in corn seedling cells. The hydroxylated metabolites were able to concentrate in the cells very rapidly and were unable to diffuse freely into the external medium. As a consequence, this process facilitated the penetration of large quantities of atrazine which became rapidly hydroxylated, allowing therefore the passive penetration of atrazine to be further improved, since the concentration C₁ in the receiver compartment was always close to zero. The passive transfer of atrazine, following Fick's law: dq/dt=-Pa (C₀–C₁), was therefore optimized. © 1997 SCI.     

振动流动式水稻秧盘育秧播种器的试验研究

介绍了一种采用多层交叉导种板和播种盘结构的新型振动流动式水稻秧盘育秧播种器;通过种箱内各交叉导种板角度的变化,分析了种子在振动作用下的流动特性、筛分板和V形振动播种盘的结构;实现了振动流动式播种器的播种。整个播种过程中种子未受到任何机械力作用,突破了传统水稻播种器采用强制排种机构来分离种子的思路,减少了种子在分离过程中的损伤。     

基于大涡模拟的离心泵蜗壳内压力脉动特性分析

为了研究由离心泵内部非定常流动引起的蜗壳流道内的压力脉动这一现象及其特性,针对带有三长三短叶片叶轮的离心泵,采用大涡模拟方法计算包括吸水室、叶轮和蜗壳全流道的流场,获得蜗壳流道压力脉动分布特性,并对其进行了频域和时域分析.结果表明：由于叶片和蜗壳的动静相干作用,蜗壳内的压力脉动比较明显;在设计工况下,叶轮与蜗壳交界面周向上的隔舌处脉动最大;蜗壳内各监测点压力脉动的主频都是长叶片的通过频率,次主频为叶片的通过频率;蜗壳流道不同断面上的压力脉动基本一致,而扩压管内的压力脉动要比螺旋段的更有规律性;设计工况下,蜗壳内压力脉动没有明显的高频成分.     

大功率高压离心泵的优化设计

针对大功率高压离心泵高扬程、大流量、高转速以及高运行可靠性的要求,从水力模型设计、转子动力学设计、高压承压元件安全设计3个方面对大功率高压离心泵进行研究.在水力设计上,应用CFD技术对泵的过流部件进行优化并考虑泵内间隙流动对整个转子系统的动力学影响,完成泵的水力模型设计;在转子动力学设计上,通过对机组轴系扭振特性和临界转速分析并考虑泵的实际工况引入＂湿＂临界转速以保证转子的刚性化设计和机组的运行可靠性;在高压壳体设计中,引入压力容器的设计理论,采用基于应力分类的大型高压离心泵承压件的优化设计并进行三维数值模拟完成高压壳体的安全设计.在3 800 kW高压泵上运用以上技术,结果表明,所设计的泵符合要求,该技术对国内研发大功率高压泵具有参考意义.     

旋流自吸泵突台结构数值模拟及对性能的影响

基于大涡模拟方法,设定适当的边界条件,利用三维非结构四面体网格进行网格划分,采用有限体积法对控制方程进行离散,应用CFD软件Fluent对旋流自吸泵的内部三维湍流流场进行数值计算,得到泵内部流场的分布情况以及突台附近区域的流动情况.为了研究突台结构对性能的影响,对应不同突台结构,分别计算了不同工况下的流动情况,预测旋流自吸泵的宏观性能并绘制了性能曲线.通过对数值模拟结果的分析和对比,在获得旋流自吸泵宏观性能曲线的基础上,分析突台附近区域的内部微观流场与宏观外部特性之间的关系.结果表明,突台结构对扬程、效率影响较大,而对于功率影响较小.基于CFD辅助设计,通过对突台尺寸参数不同方案的性能的对比分析,获得突台尺寸参数的最佳值,从而为泵的改进设计提供参考.     

沙棘嫩枝水培育苗技术研究

本文通过2次沙棘嫩枝水培育苗试验,研究总结了沙棘嫩枝水培育苗各环节的技术要点,研究探索了沙棘嫩枝水培育苗技术,为沙棘无性繁殖工厂化育苗奠定了技术基础。