极简主义对现代园林艺术的影响

通过对极简主义艺术的起源,特点以及理念的探讨;对极简主义园林东西方渊源的追溯及对现代园林中具有极简主义特征的实例的分析,总结出极简主义艺术在内在文化理念、外在创作形式两个方面对现代园林的影响,指出了学习西方极简主义园林对我国现代园林景观发展的实际意义。     

日本古典园林植物配置的图解分析

本文阐述了日本古典园林中的配置植物种类以及日本人对植物选择的偏好。此基础之上,通过抽象图解的方式,对日本园林所运用的植物配置手法进行了现代视角的分析,并总结提出4条植物配置的主要特色：对植物进行造型修剪;“七五三”韵律模式：和动态平衡的构图方式;追求淡雅的色彩效果。     

探析市政道路桥梁加固设计的方法

近些年,随着建筑行业的发展,我国的道路桥梁建设也得到不断发展.而随着道路桥梁建设的不断推进,越来越多的人开始关注道路桥梁的安全问题.因此对加固技术在道路桥梁施工中应用的必要性进行分析的基础上阐述了桥梁维修加固机理及存在的问题,最后全面解析了市政道路桥梁维修与加固施工技术实践要点,希望可以给相关工作人员提供帮助.     

Progress in Research of Chinese Wetland Parks

There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.     

An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes

There is often need to measure aggregation levels of spatial patterns within a single map class in landscape ecological studies. The contagion index (CI), shape index (SI), and probability of adjacency of the same class (Qi), all have certain limits when measuring aggregation of spatial patterns. We have developed an aggregation index (AI) that is class specific and independent of landscape composition. AI assumes that a class with the highest level of aggregation (AI =1) is comprised of pixels sharing the most possible edges. A class whose pixels share no edges (completely disaggregated) has the lowest level of aggregation (AI =0). AI is similar to SI and Qi, but it calculates aggregation more precisely than the latter two. We have evaluated the performance of AI under varied levels of (1) aggregation, (2) number of patches, (3) spatial resolutions, and (4) real species distribution maps at various spatial scales. AI was able to produce reasonable results under all these circumstances. Since it is class specific, it is more precise than CI, which measures overall landscape aggregation. Thus, AI provides a quantitative basis to correlate the spatial pattern of a class with a specific process. Since AI is a ratio variable, map units do not affect the calculation. It can be compared between classes from the same or different landscapes, or even the same classes from the same landscape under different resolutions.     

A GIS-based plant prediction model for wetland ecosystems

An existing non-spatial model for the prediction of response of wetland plant species on ecological factors has been transformed into a GIS-based prediction model which produces spatial output at the landscape scale. The input, spatial patterns of the ecological factors, were constructed with geostatistical spatial interpolation (kriging). With this GIS-based model the spatial patterns of presence and absence of 78 wetland plant species are predicted for an area with wetlands in the Netherlands of approximately 500 square kilometers. The GIS-based model has been validated, and the estimated uncertainty of the input has been propagated through the model. At the species level the output shows spatially coherent and non-random patterns. The validation is affected by the propagation of input errors through the model. The number of valid predictions declines approximately 10–20% when 95% confidence intervals are used in the validation. This study shows that it is feasible to use a geostatistical interpolation method to construct spatial patterns of ecological factors on a landscape scale and to use these patterns as input for a GIS-based prediction model. The added uncertainty on the input values however, affects the number of valid predictions of the model.     

土地利用总体规划中生态退耕规划标准指标体系构建与应用

生态退耕规划标准是新一轮土地利用总体规划编制过程中确定生态退耕布局和规模的准则和依据。针对目前生态退耕规划仅从改善生态环境的单一目标出发,而忽视生态退耕对区域粮食安全、经济发展影响的情况,该文以河北省为例,根据整体性、综合协调、科学和可操作性的原则,构建了生态退耕规划标准指标体系;并以河北省下辖11个行政市为评价单元,应用层次分析法进行河北省生态退耕区域评价;应用最小人均耕地面积的概念,确定生态退耕规模。根据评价单元各因素和综合得分情况,河北省可划分为重点、次重点和一般生态退耕区。预计到2020年河北省生态退耕总规模约为61.09×10⁴ hm²。     

图书馆建筑设计的原则

文章通过对现代图书馆建筑特点的分析研究,阐述现代图书馆对建筑的要求及现代图书馆建筑设计应遵循的基本原则。     

环境基准值的科学研究与我国环境标准的修订

对环境基准和环境标准在概念上进行了辨析,论述了环境基准科学研究中需要把握的几个核心问题,其中最为关键的一步是不同类型生态受体的选取,因此环境基准值应该是基于不同保护对象的多目标函数或一个范围值。鉴于我国环境标准迫切需要修订这一实际,呼吁加强环境基准的研究,尤其是要开展一次国家层面上的土壤环境基准的系统研究。     

离心式撒肥机撒肥部件研究设计

通过分析推肥板在撒肥圆盘上的布置对肥料颗粒在撒肥圆盘上运动的影响,得出推肥板在撒肥圆盘上的布置形式,计算了肥料颗粒的抛撒半径。据此设计了一种离心式撒肥机用的撒肥部件,并简介了撒肥部件的结构及参数的确定。试验及大面积生产考核证明,该离心式撒肥部件效率高,肥料撒施均匀,能够满足新疆兵团农场对全耕层施肥的要求。